Presents information concerning stereotypical mannerisms and relationship development of legally blind and visually impaired children. Discusses counseling methods that are useful with this population. (MKA)

This literature review took place during 2004, and shows that the braille debate over Grade 1 and Grade 2 has been ongoing for more than 70 years. Given the span of time and a remit that covered the English-speaking world, a chronological approach was taken, focusing on the two main strands of policy and empirical research, from the early 20th…

This article presents a systematic review of the research evidence on the effects of the characteristics of typefaces on the legibility of text for adult readers with low vision. The review revealed that research has not produced consistent findings and thus that there is a need to develop standards and guidelines that are informed by evidence.…

The paper explores the definitional problems of visual handicaps, especially in terms of the legal definition of blindness. A brief history of relevant laws and a discussion of current case law precede a section providing suggestions for strengthening the legal position of the visually handicapped in future litigation. (Author/DB)

Reviews research suggesting that visual dyslexia may be treated by wearing tinted glasses. Discusses studies seeking to determine whether dyslexia is due to a visual deficit or a linguistic deficit, and maintains that more research needs to be done in this area. (MM)

The extent and nature of remediation are said to depend on careful observation of children in the environment. Remedial techniques appropriate for older children must be adapted to meet the individual situation of each preschool visually handicapped child. (Author)

The paper concerns itself with the art of environmental interpretation and addresses its application specifically to the visually impaired, considering the adaptations and alterations available which will make the environmental interpretation a beneficial and meaningful experience for the visually impaired. (Author)

Discusses the use of the Moon system, an English embossed reading method, with visually handicapped individuals. Reports advantages of the system, such as its roman character familiarity for those once able to see and the availability of Moon books and materials. Concludes that the Moon system is an important alternative to braille. (PHR)

The Canterbury Child's Aid, a binaural sensory aid for research with blind children, is described along with the rationale for its design features. (Author)

Individuals with visual impairments have a greater need to be physically fit because in comparison to sighted peers they have increased demands for energy to carry out everyday tasks (Lieberman & McHugh, 2001). Further, their level of vision influences many critical areas such as motor learning, ability to interact in games, and understanding of…

Research on the development of perceptuomotor coordination in sighted children, specifically, the ability to (1) reach to objects, (2) explore objects once they have been attained, and (3) use actions to transform spatial relationships, is reviewed for implications for development of perceptuomotor skills in visually impaired children. (Author/DB)

The paper discusses the need for research-based assessment and curriculum for early intervention with visually impaired infants, pointing out research findings from various disciplines relating to brain damage, intervention, drug therapy, visual assessment, neurodevelopmental facilitation techniques, and sensory development. (CL)

Retinitis Pigmentosa includes a number of inherited diseases which usually result in blindness. The disease is progressive in nature and begins with the deterioration of cells in the eye responsible for peripheral vision. As the condition worsens there is a gradual loss of peripheral vision and night blindness. Proper educational planning requires…

The article focuses on the integration of the visually impaired and hearing impaired children in the normal preschool setting in Hong Kong. Included is a description of techniques which can be utilized in the activities of the preschool setting. (Author)

This paper reviews two models for auditory compensation attending visual loss--structural and strategic. The paper concludes that it is not clear to what extent differences in auditory processing represent variations in underlying capacity, the development of strategies, attentional activation, or multiple factors. Previous dismissals of…