Intended for reading teachers, this book is concerned with the process of reading, with the perceptual and language skills involved in reading, and with the nature of the task confronting children learning to read. It shows that it is only through reading that children learn to read, and that a teacher's role must therefore be to make reading easy…

The paper reviews the ways in which the cloze testing procedure measures the reading comprehension skills of students in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. The construction and scoring of the test and the interpretation of the scores are discussed and the reliability and validity of the cloze procedure for testing reading skills…

Traditional methods of studying literature have included making assignments, having class discussions of the texts, and then assigning students to write about them. However, based on the concept that reading literature is a form of composing and that aspects of the process model for teaching writing can be applied to teaching literature, the…

Recent reviews indicate that most instructional materials are still sexist. This paper includes definitions of sexist and sex-equitable which incorporate both language form and gender content. It presents generalizations synthesized from the experimental research regarding the effects of gender characteristics of instructional materials on…

A computer program written for the Apple II was designed to teach college students how to map expository information. The program consists of five lessons, the first beginning with a definition and illustration of mapping. In this introductory lesson, students are asked to answer three basic questions when reading expository text: identify the…

Two views of the sources of poor reading comprehension are currently distinguishable in the research literature: a decoding sufficiency view and a comprehension skills view. The decoding sufficiency view argues that decoding is the only skill that must be acquired for general language comprehension. The broader, comprehension skills hypothesis…

Research on the effects of questioning in the classroom has explored the placement, timing, type, and social impact of questions. Principles of good questioning include the following: (1) well-stated questions should be concise, clear, and complete; (2) questions should be topical in nature, requiring a complex answer; (3) yes or no questions…

Writing, editing, and printing texts for schools has been the accepted role of publishers, while text researchers have concentrated on typography, content, and readability. The hundreds of readability formulas now available make readability the most sophisticated of these three areas. Research in reading comprehension suggests that publishers…

The paper focuses on networking, a process of identifying and understanding the relationships among concepts in prose passage, as a learning strategy for deaf college students. It is explained that students using the technique perform three basic overlapping processes, one of which, identification and understanding of concept relationships, is the…

The Mexican educational system is highly centralized, with all plans, programs, textbooks, curriculum materials, and teacher training programs controlled by the Ministry of Education. Each teacher is required to follow a set program, and enforcement is assured through a corps of inspectors who are responsible for the schools. The official method…

The current status of conceptions of learning in children is reviewed and some areas of neglect are considered in this paper. The main premise is that although considerable strides have been made in the understanding of the learning process, essential developmental formulations of growth and change have been poorly articulated. It is suggested…

In discussing word recognition, Kenneth Goodman argues that preoccupation with words, leters, and sounds cuts off children from the meaning-seeking function of reading; that oral and written language are parallel modes of obtaining meaning from language; and that reading is a selective rather than a precise process of word perception. A review of…

Research shows that effectively used writing plans (models of text organization) promote understanding of messages and that students can learn to use these plans. Writing plans include overall plans (antecedent/consequent, comparison, description, and response), emphasis plans that highlight certain subtopics, and cohesion plans that refer to the…

A review of the literature on miscue analysis supports the assumption that reading is a language process. All three language cue systems--graphophonic, syntactic, and semantic--must interact if reading for meaning is to occur, and a whole language environment is necessary for a student to develop reading proficiency. (AEA)

The Process Assessment model focuses on the task, the student, and the environment. Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis, a diagnostic procedure consistent with the model, was used to evaluate a fourth grade student's reading difficulties, resulting in the implementation of several interventions to provide feedback and increase self-monitoring. (CB)