The research literature in the use of programed instruction with visually handicapped and hearing impaired Ss was reviewed. The applications of behavior modification and programed instruction were compared. (Author)

The article reviews four operative braille production systems for use by the visually impaired that will cut costs. The four are manual, semiautomated, automated, and electromagnetic cassette. (PHR)

A review of the research into the possibilities of increasing the braille reading rate, including changing the ability of braille readers, changing the way in which braille characters are displayed, and changing the braille code, is presented. It is concluded that changing the perceptual ability of the braille reader is the most promising…

The author discusses the current status of driving for persons with low vision, both with and without using a bioptic telescope. Licensing criteria, training sequences, and problem areas are considered. (Author/CL)

The paper discusses terminology and probable causes of cortical visual impairment, normal visual development, and visual dysfunctioning. Also considered are educational implications for this population such as the importance of clarifying activity goals and utilizing persons, objects, and events that are intrinsically important and rewarding to…

Literature review revealed seven empirical articles exploring psychological functioning of color-deficient children. Analysis of literature indicated that equivocal nature of past research may be due to inadequate rationale explaining what outcome variables should be tied to color deficiency. Makes specific investigative recommendations to provide…

This article comprises a historical review of the literature pertaining to the representation of the visual field in human primary visual cortex. A brief survey of the anatomy of the visual system is followed by a critical evaluation of the key studies that have informed both the issue of the disproportionate representation of central vision…

Technological developments for legally blind persons are viewed historically, financially, and with a view to the future. The types of information to be analyzed on technology are listed (such as future adaptability and repair record); perceptions of groups' involvement in technological development are explored; and suggestions for training and…

The purpose of this book is to understand the experiences of persons who are visually impaired, including those who are invisibly visually impaired. Through the use of a survey questionnaire and interviews and employing a cross-sectional survey design, the study examines the experiences of a large number of visually impaired respondents. The…

This review aims to document the efficacy and validity of vision therapy for modifying and improving vision functioning. The paper describes the essential components of the visual system and disorders which can be physiologically and clinically identified. Vision therapy is defined as a clinical approach for correcting and ameliorating the effects…

The paper examines theoretical issues regarding the symptomatology of echolalia in the language of visually impaired children. Literature on echolalia is reviewed from a variety of perspectives and clinical work and research with visual impairment and with autism is discussed. Problems of definition are cited, and explanations for occurrence of…

The article examines cultural aspects of rehabilitation of the visually impaired and compares them with alternative values and cultures, particularly among American Indians. Concerns in regarding provision of rehabilitation services to the Navajo people, such as a predominance of residential programs, are discussed. (Author/DB)

Autobiographies of 25 blind and visually impaired persons are examined and the influence of gender upon disability is assessed. Roles of ideal woman or man and disabled person in society and views about themselves and the world are compared with those of other marginal people as revealed in autobiographical form. (Author/CL)

Provides information and specific suggestions for the regular classroom teacher who must cope with visually handicapped children in reading classes. (FL)

This review of the literature examines the effects of blue light (or near UV - ultraviolet), especially that given off by black-light tubes, often used with children with visual impairments. It finds a long-term danger of retinal and lens damage and offers six practical suggestions which emphasize using proper filters and limiting exposure to…