A conceptual framework is developed to consider two dimensions of evaluation systems likely to lead performers to internalize the evaluation process. The theory of evaluation and authority developed by Dornbusch and Scott provides the basis for a review of six studies in support of two propositions: (1) the more frequently performers are…

The status, roles, and functions of those involved in the supervision of teachers were studied, with attention to observation, evaluation, counseling, and inservice programs. The evolution of the supervisory role from 1850 to the present was traced, and probable future changes were predicted. The components of supervision as reported in the…

A recent review of English as a Second Language (ESL) research revealed an increase in studies dealing with instructional approaches, language learning theories, ESL curriculum, and learning-aid study strategies; however, supervision of teaching in ESL programs was mentioned only occasionally. Supervision, when properly practiced, can provide a…

Building level staff evaluation strategies for the purpose of improving instruction are presented. First, the philosophies of formative and summative evaluation are described. Formative evaluation is a nonjudgmental process, and summative evaluation provides for judgment with performance improvement recommendations. Next, six anxiety-reducing…

Documents in the ERIC database which bear on teacher evaluation in the 1980s are cited. References deal with subjects such as evaluation criteria and methods, the validity of various measurement techniques, state policies, teacher attitudes, and who should evaluate teachers. (PP)

The purpose of this paper is to identify practices and trends in elementary and secondary education literature applicable to early childhood student teacher supervision. The paper begins by reviewing the relevant literature on both historical and current perspectives on early childhood teacher education programs. Then, the goals of student…

This paper focuses on several models of supervision in public schools with respect to needs in physical education. A literature review examined the traditional, counseling-based, self-analysis, competency-based, and systematic supervision models. Findings include the use of each model and the failure of each in the physical education setting. One…

An induction system for beginning teachers should provide continued support in the instructional area and also induct the newcomer into the general operational and social milieu of the individual school. The following areas of concern in the process of teacher orientation are discussed: (1) What information is provided regarding the decision…

This speech reviews school effectiveness research over the past 5 years, presenting the most important conclusions: schools make a difference in how much children learn, and principals make a difference in school effectiveness. The characteristics of better schools listed are: 1) clear sense of purpose, (2) well-formulated instructional goals, (3)…

The purpose of this paper is to trace the development of the idea of measurement of pupil growth and achievement as a criterion of teacher effectiveness through the scholarly writings of A. S. Barr (1892-1962). The search for the criterion of teacher efficiency, and later effectiveness, was the professional concern that guided Barr's research for…

Clinical supervision is an inclass approach to instructional supervision that has as its goals improvement of instruction and teacher development. This paper includes the historical background of the development of clinical supervision, an exposition of the content, an examination of related research, an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses,…

Attitudes of student teachers and cooperating teachers were measured during a one-year postgraduate program for secondary school teachers at an Australian university. Student teachers' attitudes tended to be stable over time, although their views moved closer to those of cooperating teachers during practice teaching. (Author/PP)

Literature on student teaching, cooperating teachers, and college supervisors is reviewed. Changes in the role of the college supervisor are proposed, which would make supervisors less directly involved in overseeing student teachers and more engaged in interpreting research and providing inservice training for cooperating teachers. (PP)

Physical education is becoming increasingly popular in elementary schools in Canada. Studies concerning the balancing of physical activities and intellectual subject matter, upgrading skills through inservice education, improving fitness, and project evaluation methods are reviewed. (JN)

This article selectively reviews cognitive research on computer programing and suggests how it could be used to open new avenues of research in the fields of teacher education and instructional supervision. (Author/IAH)