In the United States, a "two-tiered" school system--elementary and secondary education--is often spoken of, yet throughout this century the trend has been toward a "three tiered" system--elementary, junior high/intermediate/middle school, and high school. This paper reviews literature and research regarding these trends, the advantages and…

A case is made for public schools of choice based on major strands of evidence from the perspective of students, parents, and teachers. This is followed by a brief overview covering the extent of schools of choice, the nature of their support, their organizational features, and their accomplishments. The critical feature of the school choice issue…

Reported in this article is the degree to which researchers in educational administration have limited their field. It is argued that students of educational administration have ignored not only classroom organization, but also the ways in which school-wide and district-wide structures may affect student outcomes. (Author/EB)

Reviews teacher stress as it has been described in literature since the 1930s, and suggests that proposed solutions place too much responsibility on teacher attitudes and not enough on school environment and organization. (CJM)

Cites school facility, organizational policy, and curricular practices which reinforce sexism. (SJL)

Using a perspective that emphasizes schools' internal structure and external context, the author examines theory and research on loose coupling in schools, society's institutionalization and legitimation of schools, and structured observations of educational administrators' work. (Author/RW)

Describes the role of the country educational homes (private schools) within the West German educational system. These schools offer students alternatives to the public school system in educational philosophy, environment, and teaching methods. (AM)

Forming teams is the logical first step in the transition to middle school from junior high school. Offers 10 questions that middle-level educators should ask as they embark upon this new venture of interdisciplinary teaming. (13 references) (MLF)

Finds that teachers' professional efficacy is related to the environment in which they practice. Explains higher levels of efficacy in Catholic schools by organizational differences. Cites principal leadership and communal organization as essential to teacher satisfaction. Suggests fostering cooperative environments and reasonable teacher autonomy…

A summary of 64 research studies between 1968 and 1990 clearly support using nongraded/continuous progress programs. Students in nongraded settings do as well as or better than students in traditional self-contained classes. R.E. Slavin's sidebar argues for keeping nongraded schools simple. Pavan's sidebar calls nongradedness a philosophy not just…

Synthesizes evidence from three independent studies of conditions fostering organizational learning in schools conducted in different contexts, but using comparable methods. The purpose was to identify such conditions from state, district, and school sources, relying on qualitative data from 111 teachers in 14 schools. Collegial atmosphere and…

The inclusion of diversity in the teaching of undergraduate psychology, as is presented here, can transform both the discipline of psychology and the larger society it influences. Details of why the lack of representation is a problem are outlined. These problems include exclusion, misrepresentation, methodology, disengagement, stagnation, and…

School-based management refers to a form of educational administration in which the school becomes the primary unit for decision-making. The book is structured into five parts. In part 1, international developments in school-based decision-making and management are documented and analyzed. Described are developments in Australia, Canada, France,…

This book is based on a review of the literature on decentralization and teacher management. The focus is on basic formal education, mainly the primary and junior secondary levels of schooling, and on presenting a rationale for decentralizing teacher management. The book presents three models of decentralized teacher management, explores the…

A synthesis of the research on educational improvement programs of the 60s and 70s provides the framework for this paper. Restructured schools featured the use of team teaching and shared decision making, and changes in curriculum content and delivery. Problem areas centered on role-related issues, ambiguous means of implementation, and lack of…