Considers arguments that William Erchul (1999) presented in response to the author's literature review (Gutkin, 1999) of collaborative versus directive consultation. Identifies and analyzes critical points of agreement and disagreement. Presents an expanded model of "rapprochement" in response to Erchul's recommendation to incorporate the dyadic…

Examines potential relationships to explore between counseling and philosophy. Posits that philosophy already provides the ground on which counseling stands, and, therefore, if counseling is to strengthen its foundations, it needs to examine where it currently locates itself intellectually, ethically, and culturally. (Contains 11 references.) (GCP)

This article describes one counselor's exploration of her spiritual beliefs in relation to Adler's theory of counseling and human development in an effort to move toward ideological consistency and to enhance competence in addressing spiritual dimensions of clients' development. (Contains 34 references.) (GCP)

Masculinity and femininity are both psychological and sociocultural constructs that test developers have attempted to assess for many years. Examines the history of the measurement of masculinity and femininity from the 1920s through 2000, addresses relevant theory, and considers criticisms of masculinity and femininity measurement as well as the…

Counseling theories applied in initial clinical training courses (practicum) influence the counselors-in-training's future practice of counseling. Results of this study indicated that humanistic models are influential in current counseling practicum courses and will maintain a strong influence in the future. (Contains 21 references and 1 table.)…

Suggests that the Milan systemic approach probably reflects a significant advance in family therapy and possibly in psychotherapy in general. Provides a historical overview of the development of the approach, an articulation of some major assumptions and background theory, and a brief description of the overall pattern of practice. (Author/JAC)

Much motivational research has examined the role of attributions of perceived causes of outcomes. Attributions are important because theory and research show that attributions have differential effects on motivation. There are many different attributions; for example, ability, effort, task ease/difficulty, luck, strategy use, help from others,…

Reviews areas of theory, knowledge, attitudes, and techniques and outlines areas of expertise that should be required of those engaged in career counseling with women. (Author)

Considers whether attachment theory as it is applied to child sexual abuse might be susceptible to biases that reflect the larger sociocultural context. Although this paper concludes that attachment theory can potentially add an important dimension to the conceptualization of child sexual abuse and its dynamics, it is also suggested that…

Japanese Morita therapy is discussed to highlight its culturally and theoretically unique perspectives on human nature and client change. Key features of this theory are: theory of the nervous trait; multiple-dimensional model of causes and treatment of nervous neurosis; theory of mental attachment; reframing anxiety into constructive desires; and…

This study analyzed Carl Rogers's session with Gloria in "Three Approaches to Psychotherapy" to determine how Rogers's conversational style functioned to enact his core conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. Rogers's conversational style was found to be congruent with his espoused theory as well as a…

Because school psychologists may be asked to work in a constructivist framework, this article describes the essential characteristics and difficult issues associated with implementing this approach for classroom practice. Included are goals, assumptions about learners, essential teacher skills, and research concerns. Highlights currently…

The pioneering authors of narrative therapy, White and Epston, state clearly that they have been influenced by the work of the French theorist Michel Foucault. This paper briefly outlines some features of narrative therapy, examines the Foucauldian themes in White and Epston's theory, and explores narrative therapy's poststructuralist challenge to…

This article presents a synthesis of the research on countertransference (CT) that has been conducted since the last major review of CT literature was published in 1977. In this article, the authors critically review the research, noting implications for counseling practice, making connections to relevant theory, and suggesting directions for…

Critically reviews efforts at theoretical integration of psychoanalysis and humanism along the lines of F. Pine's (1990) four psychologies of psychoanalysis. Concludes that psychoanalysis and humanism have certain compatible features, but that they generally represent opposing vantage points in the study of subjectivity. Provides recommendations…