Constructs a model applying evolutionary biology theory to the development of children's sense of justice. Maintains that competition for scarce resources causes many of the moral problems involving justice. Examines the place of emotions in the sense of justice. Hypothesizes rules of justice that predate cultural history. (CH)

This review examines the role of schooling in the life course of individuals, focusing on the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood. Conceptual issues in this study are explored, drawing on the sociological literature. The importance of social structure and institutional arrangements is stressed. (Author/SLD)

Techniques for college teachers to use in managing student resistance to critical thinking include proactive strategies (creating a cooperative environment, establishing rapport, creating high expectations, and countering resistive behavior) and reactive strategies (avoiding personalization of resistance, inviting students to explore resistance,…

Recent research is revealing a great deal about how changes in educational practices and policies can revamp classrooms and schools to close the achievement gaps and promote excellence in learning for all students. This working paper examines best practices that shift classroom management's emphasis from controlling students' behavior to creating…

This three-part series of articles discusses restructuring U.S. public education to meet the needs of culturally diverse student populations. Part 1 presents a historic overview of the philosophies and attitudes underlying delivery of U.S. public education. The American school system is slow to change and, for the benefit of the industrialized…

This literature review examines the American and Canadian educational research and program literature related to the inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in the postsecondary community college system and adult vocational training systems and has the overall goal of identifying factors that contribute to effective integration.…

Although a recent Mexican survey found that schooling was the public institution that inspired the most confidence, Mexican government figures for the past decade reveal high dropout rates, particularly at the primary level. This book casts light on this paradox by detailing various social relationships of schooling in two elementary schools in a…

This reports offers a synthesis of the current knowledge and theoretical positions concerning the disproportionate representation of minorities in special education. It is divided into five broad sections: (1) an introduction which clarifies the terminology and purpose of the report; (2) an overview of the position of minority students in the…

Economic restructuring has severely affected the education of girls, particularly in the poorest and least developed countries where poverty is the major obstacle to education. Girls still constitute the majority of children not enrolled in school, and illiteracy among women remains one of the biggest challenges for the 21st century. Deep-rooted…

This report addresses the research and development (R&D) organizations and the decision-making processes that the Federal Government needs to enable it to work toward national and global environmental objectives. It is essential that these programs be well organized, adequately funded, and closely linked with the policy-making process. The…

This paper examines research findings on adult international students and their adjustment problems while attending U.S. schools of higher education. Specific areas related to the adult student, some of which may also involve related issues of gender and country of origin, are discussed, as well as problem areas and hurdles unique to foreign…

This study examined how high-achieving Latino college students perceive the receptivity of their institutions to a Latino presence on campus. The multi-institutional study had the prime objective of identifying areas for institutional improvement and increasing awareness by college administrators of specific campus climate issues facing talented…

The findings of numerous empirically based research studies reflecting the views of teachers, students, and administrators can be used to identify a "core of techniques" associated with effective community college teachers. Community college teaching is generally more student-centered than four-year college instruction, with the choice of teaching…

This paper addresses the question, "What teacher questioning behaviors influence student learning?" It synthesizes research findings, explicates their prescriptive implications, and presents behavioral guidelines for teachers who wish to make informed choices about improving classroom questioning behavior. The paper examines and…

Unlike those of several of it major economic competitors, the U.S. system of preparation for work stresses educational attainment rather than qualitative standards or occupationally specific assessments of knowledge or skills. The resultant emphasis on longer education produces a more qualified work force, but the quest for longer schooling has…