This paper reviews the literature concerning attitudes of fifth and sixth grade students to provide background information for instructional designers and scriptwriters from the Skills Essential to Learning Project, which develops television/film series and related print materials for different grade levels to enhance the teaching of thinking…

Organizational consultants should attend to several issues when consulting as change agents for organizations. The client will have explicit ideas about the need for help and implicit expectations and fears about the role of the consultant. The consultant must probe, understand, and often change the client's preconceptions and expectations about…

Many studies have demonstrated that psychological needs and occupational values differ for males and females. An investigation of the interaction effects between occupation and gender compared the scores of men and women in the same occupations on scales measuring psychological needs, occupational values, and concerns about worker traits and job…

Although research suggests that men and women are perceived as differing significantly on a number of traits or characteristics, little research relates these traits to observable behaviors. The trait-characteristic issue, when carried over to employment, serves to justify discrimination against women. Research on attribution theory also supports…

This review of the literature examines the development of humor in infants and young children, and looks at ways in which adults can support children's understanding, appreciation, and creation of humor in play and verbal and social interactions. (BB)

Provides an overview of recent research on self-disclosure and describes how various research findings are applicable to school counseling. Outlines specific questions that need to be addressed by counselors relating to age and sex differences. Considerations for counselor educators and counselor-certifying agencies are noted. (RC)

A study among female, unmarried undergraduates showed that while the majority planned on both career and family, the priority was family; career commitment was a predictor of educational, career, and family plans; and, as women aspire to the full-time career model, they tend to show more stereotypically masculine traits. (Author/MJL)

Reviews three major measures of the concept of self-stability: the discrepancy measure, the syndromatic measure, and the longitudinal measure. Assesses their relative strengths as well as weaknesses. Suggests that the longitudinal measure may be used to check the degree of social desirability effect of the syndromatic measure. (Author)

Discusses a cognitive perspective on personality, focusing on how dispositions are cognitively expressed and maintained in social interaction. Shows how individuals interpret life tasks in light of their most accessible schemas, envisaging alternative future selves, and devising cognitive strategies to guide behavior. Discusses adaptiveness of…

Describes various models of learning styles and speculates on their applicability to distance education practice and research. Topic discussed include field dependence and independence; the Kolb Model; hemisphericity; sensory preferences; the Jungian approach; Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); and psychological factors including age, sex…

This 20-year review examines (1) determinants of job satisfaction and work commitment and (2) the trend toward connecting work and nonwork life, emphasizing life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and emotional well-being. Issues related to the influx of women in the labor force are highlighted. (297 references) (SK)

This paper critically reviews the literature on the links between temperament and social development in children and adolescents. Social development is broadly defined to include externalizing and internalizing behaviour problems, prosocial behaviour and social competence. It concludes that there are clear links between specific dimensions of…

In the past, many social scientists were content to study teaching from a distance, borrowing concepts mainly from psychology and sociology to explain what teaching was like. Increasingly, students of teaching have come to value the insider's viewpoint and to rely on teachers as informants. This paper brings together research about the meaning of…

Initial steps have been taken at the national and state levels to eventually implement more rigorous procedures for screening and selecting teacher candidates. In most instances, however, the early stages of this process have focused primarily upon academic criteria for selection. Several research projects in recent years have attempted to…

This review of current research on teaching focuses upon studies of teaching behaviors and their relationship to student performance. In considering research on classroom climate, examples are presented of studies which used the Flanders Interaction Analysis System (FIAC) to investigate relationships among student achievement and teacher-initiated…