The authors suggest that one approach to the clarification of the nature and extent of cognitive process impairments in the mentally retarded and, specifically, the involvement of structural and control process parameters is via an examination of those processes underlying the speed-accuracy operating characteristics of retarded Ss. (Author/SW)

Although some have argued that the type of language and cognitive defects shown by autistic children almost certainly reflects forebrain dysfunctions, current studies point to the possibility that some autistic children may have dysfunction of neural systems in the brainstem. (Author)

Part two of the paper reports some recent illustrative findings on the role of planning in human problem solving behavior. Some implications of these researches for mental retardation are discussed. (Author/SB)

Research is reviewed which challenges the contention of A. Baker (EC 113 476) that the cognitive functioning of autistic and mentally retarded children is similar. (Author/CL)

To study the access process in analogical problem solving, children repeatedly listened to a variety of source stories until they could recall them completely. They then listened to a target story, were asked to retrieve the source story, were directed to solve a problem in a target story. Describes hypothetical reasons for differences in…

Describes in-basket exercises as a research methodology for examining how managers allocate attention and respond to information in their environment. Issues in organizational information processing and decision making to which this methodology might be applicable are discussed, and other methodologies for studying information processing are…

A. Baddeley's model of the working memory of congenitally deaf persons is examined in light of research on encoding by this population. It is concluded that a model of the working memory of the deaf must include subsystems for articulatory, sign, and visual encoding. (Author/DB)

Examines Olson' hypothesis that literacy, by allowing development of explicit prose, the differentiation of data from interpretation, and the growth of metalanguage, has altered human cognition and made modern, scientific thought possible. It is argued that this proposal lacks sufficient evidence, substance and coherence to support a case for any…

Reviews recent advances in assessment of intelligence using procedures developed from cognitive theory and research. Appraises probable success of newer cognitive processing approaches using criteria of diagnostic utility, intervention implications, and treatment validity. Notes that neither new nor traditional intelligence tests have clearly…

Evaluates three approaches to dynamic assessment of intelligence in terms of their ability to address both classification and remediation functions of assessment in schools. Argues that relative to traditional intelligence tests, dynamic approaches have failed to provide evidence of satisfactory technical characteristics, such as reliability and…

Outlines the elements of the human rhetorical potential, arguing for a psychologically plausible theory of meaning. Examines recent work in cognitive neural science to see if the human rhetorical potential is biologically, or neurologically, plausible. Suggests further research on the human rhetorical potential as it relates to discourse…

Imagine a current HMO that covered only the procedures and diseases recognized by the medical profession in 1950. The thought is ridiculous because in such a rapidly developing field as medicine, no one would expect practice to be frozen at the level of scientific knowledge attained 50 years ago. The author believes this is what has happened in…

The purpose of the current article is to highlight the importance of operant techniques in developmental research. Although many researchers employ operant techniques within their individual fields of study, the pervasive nature of these techniques is not often acknowledged in the general literature. The present article describes the history of…

The authors present an overview of recent research conducted in the field of language production based on papers presented at the first edition of the International Workshop on Language Production (Marseille, France, September 2004). This article comprises two main parts. In the first part, consisting of three sections, the authors review the…

Occupational therapists working in the school system setting report using weighted vests as a technique to improve attention and sensory processing for students who have an autism spectrum disorder. Some critics, however, contend that this technique is used without evidence of effectiveness. This study examines the overall research available on…