The effects of external rewards on measures of performance and subsequent interest in a learning task are examined in this literature review and synthesis. Implications for teacher education are discussed. (IAH)

Reviews research on adult and continuing education in Ireland in the categories of liberal, social, vocational, certification, and interventionist. Examines participation, motivation, characteristics of adult learners, and outcomes. Suggests that the scope of research be widened to encompass ideology, stratification, power, and social control. (SK)

The social psychological constructs postulated by Garner, Clement et al. are integrated into a proposed new framework of second/foreign language (L2) learning motivation. The proposed model comprises three levels: language, learner, and learning situation. Practical examples for motivating L2 learners are presented. (55 references) (LB)

This review proposes that a better understanding of motivation and achievement in schools can be developed if social goals are examined along with task and ability goals. Hypotheses are proposed about the antecedents and consequences of social goals, and areas for future research are outlined. (SLD)

Argues that performance measures for student employees in academic libraries should set expectations for their performance and become management tools to motivate, evaluate, and reward them. Management literature on full-time employees is modified to fit students' needs, i.e., that they are part-time and not necessarily motivated by the work…

Discussion of electronic study books focuses on individual learning styles. Highlights include turning electronic books into electronic study books; the management of information; book users and product adaptation; learner characteristics and the learning environment; learner motivation; learning strategies; and a Style Initiating Module, used to…

This article updates the integrative strategy instruction (ISI) model used with adolescents with learning disabilities; addresses motivation, evaluation, and implementation issues; reviews research concerning the impact of ISI on students, its social validity with teachers and students, and its relation to motivation; and clarifies differences…

Summarizes the implications of constructivism for instructional systems design in five principles that integrate the affective and cognitive domains of learning. Distinguishing characteristics of the two approaches are described based on a review of recent literature, and examples are offered that discuss learner controlled computer-based…

A review of often unstated pedagogical assumptions that adversely affect the effectiveness of bilingual education precedes the proposal of an alternative paradigm that reduces reliance on "contract"-centered education and encourages the exploration and increased use of such natural resources as other students and student motivation for bilingual…

Describes some well-known theories and concepts of student motivation and how they relate to library and information skills instruction. Illustrations of the integration and application of motivation models to library and information skills instruction are given, and some relevant areas for future research on motivation in this context are…

Reviews the research on competition in classrooms for gifted students. It finds that competitive classroom structures involving extrinsic rewards may undermine the task commitment and involvement characteristic of intrinsic motivation and that this relationship is stronger for gifted students than for other students. Some short-term benefits of…

This introductory essay reviews the literature on commuter students' needs and experiences and compares several theoretical models that can be used to create environments, cultures, and structures that enable commuter students to become deeply involved in learning. Reports data that indicate the importance of increasing students' involvement to…

Examines the psychometric properties of scores on the Work Preference Inventory (WPI), particularly its factor structure and scale reliabilities. Analyses of data from 200 undergraduates showed qualified support for the inventory and its use for developmental purposes. States that the WPI may be a useful tool in stimulating students to examine…

The purpose of this article is to assess six habits of academic achievement by African American male students from households of poverty whom been successful in completing a 5-A high school program of study. Despite the wealth of research that indicates a great disparity among racial and gender groups with regard to standardized assessment,…

The importance of educational media in the education of students cannot be overemphasized. Yet, many teachers are reluctant to incorporate mass media into their teaching methods. Some teachers are apprehensive of new ideas, methods, and materials. Others prefer their traditional teaching methods. A third group would like to incorporate new ideas…