Modern American medical education has its roots in the mid-nineteenth century when the idea of medical practice as an assortment of independent private ventures became institutionalized, and when the wealth of the industrial revolution led to the adoption of German standards of academic medical research. These events set the stage for our…

This monograph describes the system of higher education in the United Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The preface points out that despite perestroika, two features of Soviet education persist, a high degree of unity and centralization and a close link between higher education and employers. Chapter 1, "Historical Overview," begins…

This book reevaluates the role of the British University Grants Committee (UGC) and its effectiveness from 1919 to 1989. The UGC was the machinery for funding British universities and played a key role in shaping the British university system. The book proceeds on a thematic rather than chronological format. Chapter 1 considers the relationships…

Drawing from journal, report, and monographic literature, this paper offers an analysis of community college funding in the 1990's. In the first section, various stories appearing in the "Chronicle of Higher Education" are highlighted, pointing to such financial problems as state deficits and shrinking educational budgets, no federal increases in…

This paper considers the use of parental fees and private insurance as sources of funding for early intervention services under Part H of Public Law 99-457, the 1986 amendments to the Education of the Handicapped Act. First, relevant legislative authorities are cited including the Maternal and Child Health Service Block Grant (1981) and guidelines…

Three analyses on the State Student Incentive Grant (SSIG) program conducted by Janet S. Hansen of the College Entrance Examination Board are summarized. Two informal analyses and the following extensive analysis are considered: "The State Student Incentive Grant Program: An Assessment of the Record and Options for the Future" (Hansen,…

While most categorical programs are subject to problems stemming from local, state, and Federal overlap, the problems produced by these parallel structures in bilingual education appear to be dissipating through local capacity-building, increased state legislation for bilingual education, and Federal awareness of its role and support for state and…

A study examining factors influencing decisions state legislators make about school finance focuses on votes in Michigan, Missouri, and Washington. Each of these states passed major school finance reform legislation during the 1970's and used open legislative procedures in which individual legislators were free to vote their consciences.…

This chapter of "Principles of School Business Management" provides a generic overview of the major tasks associated with financing a school district's large capital programs. The chapter opens with a brief historical review of the limited provisions made for capital outlay prior to the 1960s and of the trends in financing in recent decades. The…

Community college foundations came into their own in the mid-1970's as a means of helping colleges achieve their missions and goals through community involvement and alternative fundraising and resource development. By 1978, 546 of 1,037 public community colleges had active or inactive foundations. The literature on these organizations suggests…

Results of empirical studies of the size-cost relationship in higher education are synthesized, with emphasis on comprehensives, standardization, and mathematical integration. Results of research on economies of scale at two- and four-year colleges and research are summarized as follows: (1) two- and four-year colleges, on average, do experience…

In reviewing and analyzing the World Bank's "Education Sector Policy Paper" of April 1980, the author concentrates, first, on the report's description of worldwide issues and trends in educational development and, second, on the report's assessment of past and future World Bank lending for educational programs. The discussion of…

The paper traces the history and current status of special education services for handicapped children in New York state. The initial section reviews the historical perspective and analyzes future trends. The philosophy of special education regarding labeling, individualized learning, and mainstreaming is examined. Staff selection, transportation,…

Current formula funding practices in the South and implications for the future are analyzed. Formula funding systems are used in 12 of the 14 states belonging to the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB). Changes that have occurred in the formulas of each state since 1973-74 are described. Data from 1977-78 academic year are compared to the…

This paper explores the future of school finance through an examination of the size and distribution of future populations, the future of the economy and its effect on money available for schools, and the political context within which decisions will be made. It projects this knowledge over the decade of the 1980s and makes future predictions…