That psychoanalytic theory has not been displaced by the behavioral theory of neurosis is remarkable in view of the persuasive evidence that exists for the efficacy of behavior therapy. One reason for this seems to be the persistence of widespread misperceptions of behavior therapy. (Author)

Appraises selected issues and developments in the field of psychotherapy since 1940. Discusses increased participation of clinical psychologists in the area of psychotherapy, increased popularity of psychotherapy, declining influence of psychoanalysis and related views, emergence of behavioral and cognitive therapies, and recent emphasis on…

Brunswik's concept of representative design is reviewed with special reference to studies of clinical bias. Limitations of single-stimulus, actor-script, and serial replications are discussed. No satisfactory alternatives exist to adequate sampling of stimulus persons. Various attributes that are found in population must be properly represented in…

Statistical studies of obsessive-compulsive personality conducted over approximately the last two decades are reviewed with emphasis on the extent to which studies support theory, clinical observation, and description. (Author/MP)

Explores the ethical dilemmas raised by changes in research paradigms that encourage the development of a relationship between researcher and participant. In such contexts it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish between a therapeutic relationship and a research interview. (Author/GCP)

The use of toys in child clinical contexts is advocated by a number of researchers in the field as a means of overcoming developmental constraints on children's reports of their psychological states and their experiences. This paper reviews the literature relating to the impact of toys on children's ability to recall and communicate clinically…

The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), which is reviewed historically in this essay, represents a unique and significant chapter in the history of personality assessment. During the first 20 years of its existence, the 16PF underwent numerous revisions and restandardizations. During that period, R. B. Cattell, the creator of the 16PF,…

This paper considers three clinical judgment biases in clinical inference: (1) illusory correlation bias, the report by clinicians of a correlation between psychodiagnostic test signs and patient's symptoms which are not correlated or are correlated to a smaller degree than that reported; (2) labeling bias, the tendency of exposure to diagnositc…

A survey of minority curricula and training in accredited clinical psychology programs (1982) revealed that a multicultural approach to training was poorly represented. Multicultural training seeks to understand people of different groups based on their cultures and experiences over time, not in comparison to the dominant culture. A multicultural…

Updates previous literature reviews by reporting recent findings about the Wechsler Intelligence scales and other performance tests with American Indians. Discusses test bias and the unwitting role of clinical psychologists in preserving the American Indian status quo through testing. Suggests ways to increase awareness of responsible and ethical…

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disturbances in the industrialized world. Current behavioral therapy procedures for these disorders are somewhat effective, but their efficacy could be substantially improved. Because these procedures are largely based on the process of extinction, manipulations that enhance extinction may…

This paper reviews the main research in the area of human reasoning and rational thinking to determine if man is either an "innately inefficient thinking machine" or if man's irrationality is "rooted in basic human nature," as Ellis (1976) suggests. The paper focuses on the work of two English theorists, Wason and…

Distinguishes between attribution of responsibility for a problem and attribution of responsibility for a solution. Derives four general models that specify what form people's behavior will take when they try either to help others or to help themselves. Also describes competing models of responsibility in education, psychotherapy, law, and…

Discussed problems and deficiencies in past research on clinical diagnosis, pertaining to sampling problems with regard to clinical subjects studied, adequacy of control groups, base rates, clinical versus statistical significance, lack of cross-validation, and problems due to reliance on inadequate schemes of classification. Future research is…

The choice of the clustering method, the similarity measure, the computer program, and the procedure for estimating the number of clusters should be clearly specified in any journal article using cluster analysis. Adequate evidence of a cluster solution's validity should be provided before the solution is published. (Author)