The 1973 Act, which purports to promote employment opportunities for the handicapped, is reviewed and the enforcement procedure is described. The right of an individually aggrieved handicapped person to sue in Federal court ("private cause of action") is discussed in terms of the 1978 amendment. (EB)

Analysis of affirmative action in South Africa suggests it fails because (1) it is based on developing blacks and women to function in a fundamentally unchanged work environment; (2) it is often seen as quota filling and not development; and (3) many expect it to fail and commitment is lacking. (SK)

Provides a historical account of affirmative action programs from their inception to the passing of the 1996 California Proposition 209 law. Court opinions, statistics, and reports of societal perceptions are used to show cause-and-effect relationships for the successes of these programs in the 1970s and challenges to their existence in the 1990s.…

This paper looks at six theoretical approaches for understanding the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions and examines the theories' implications for affirmative action. The theories are as follows: (1) motivational and attitudinal models; (2) sex-role socialization; (3) sex-typed jobs and internal labor markets; (4) the constraint…

Examines the psychological aspect of affirmative action on the female beneficiary in terms of other people's perceptions, self-perception, and beneficiaries' reaction to an organization with an affirmative action plan. Strategies for providing a supportive organization environment and potential benefits are presented. (SK)

As in the United States, affirmative action policies in Fiji were intended to correct past injustices. However, their proponents' use of colonial discourse fails to acknowledge the historical roots of the lower educational attainment of Fijians, which is a legacy of colonial policies. (SK)

Interviews of 30 women in the parks and recreation field centered on: (1) how their careers developed; (2) whether and how they have been discriminated against; and (3) advice they have for other career-minded women. Experiences and perceptions these women share and other aspects of their careers are presented. (CJ)

Addresses issues regarding African American faculty at predominantly white research institutions (PWRIs). Topics addressed include: racism; the need to work for and with other African Americans; and the failure or ineffectiveness of Affirmative Action. Additionally, the role of the African American faculty in the areas of teaching, research, and…

Less emphasis should be placed on numbers of disabled people employed and more on their equitable distribution within organizations. An affirmative action model categorizing jobs as nonable-body dominated and able-body dominated would distinguish types of disability and reduce structural barriers to employment. (SK)

Education has long been the focal point for the debate over black claims to a special relationship with American society. Some recent works dealing with the situation of blacks in American society and education are reviewed in the context of current concerns with multiculturalism. Among the issues considered is that of affirmative action in higher…

Discusses the use of existing counseling theories and interventions in a diversity-sensitive counseling context, and potential limitations of affirmative action in the American Counseling Association's organizational structure and in counselor preparation programs. At issue are the conflicting values of various constituencies, and inconsistencies…

Reviews recent ERIC literature on personnel management, performance appraisal, staff development, and affirmative action at the two-year college. (DMM)

Recent lawsuits and judgments brought against colleges and universities for enacting affirmative action policies are threatening to dismantle the core principles of the Bakke decision (Regents of the University of California v. Bakke) and undermine the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This paper discusses current issues and challenges that pertain to…

Black women college administrators are few in number, occupy peripheral positions, have little power, receive little support from peers, are underpaid and overworked, and are disillusioned about the prospects for improvement in their status. (Author/BE)

This study examines Asian Pacific American undergraduates' views on affirmative action and their perspectives on U.S. race relations through Herbert Blumer's (1958) theory of group position. Results indicate that Asian Pacific American (APA) students may perceive other minority student applicants as inferior to APA applicants and feel threatened…