This article reviews existing research on the association between stressors and symptoms of psychopathology in children and adolescents with a focus on measurement issues and prospective effects. The first half of the article focuses on the measurement of stressors, emphasizing checklists and interviews. Available measures of stressful experiences…

This report provides a review of reviews concerning the effects of stimulant medication on children with attention deficit disorders (ADD) conducted by a special federally funded center at the University of California (Irvine). Both computer searching and nomination by ADD experts were used to identify the 336 reviews examined. All reviews were…

The literature review considers characteristics of autism in three general areas of impairment: communication; cognition; and social behavior. Briefly noted are incidence and etiology facts. A variety of definitions are presented including a psychiatric definition, Leo Kanner's definition, and the definition of the Autism Study Committee of Iowa.…

Incidence rates are critically examined in light of varying definitions of what constitutes elder abuse. It is suggested that the clinician's position of mandatory reporting is an unrealistic response in many cases of elder abuse due to the lack of adequate support services for either the abuser or the elder. Outcome studies are used to support…

Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is now recognized as a valid diagnostic category. Occurrence may be higher than previously suspected. While physiological testing of MPD has shown significant differences between the various personalities of individuals in terms of galvanic skin response, electroencephalogram recordings, electrodermal response…

Artificial intelligence, or the study of ideas that enable computers to be intelligent, is discussed in terms of what it is, what it has done, what it can do, and how it may affect the teaching of tomorrow. An extensive overview of artificial intelligence examines its goals and applications and types of artificial intelligence including (1) expert…

This resouce manual compiles research findings concerning treatment of pregnant addicts. Major topics covered are: (1) prevalence and classification of psychotropic drug use; (2) pharmacologic effects on mother and infant; (3) clinical management during pregnancy; (4) management of labor, delivery, and the immediate post-partum period; (5)…

The use of intelligence quotient alone for defining mental retardation is inappropriate and potentially harmful when applied to individuals or used to formulate public policy. An alternative conceptual framework for defining mental retardation within the context of interactions between an individual's characteristics and the demands of the social…

Summarizes recent developments in assessment and treatment of obesity. Reviews studies on genetics and weight cycling, which demonstrate the heterogeneous etiology of obesity and help explain difficulty in losing weight or maintaining weight loss. Describes the newer treatment programs which emphasize the development of exercise behaviors,…

Assessment of nonvisual neuropsychological impairments in visually impaired persons can be achieved through modification of existing intelligence, memory, sensory-motor, personality, language, and achievement tests so that they do not require vision or penalize visually impaired persons. The Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological…

Examines literature on cognitive behavior therapies with children and evaluates the implicit assumptions of these techniques regarding enhanced generalization of effects over time and across settings. Focuses on methodology and experiment design, client utilization of training procedures, long-term follow-up, and diagnosis. (KH)

On any given day, over 100,000 youth are held in custody in juvenile justice facilities across the country, either awaiting trial in detention centers or having been placed in residential facilities after being convicted of delinquencies. A growing body of research suggests that most of these youth meet criteria for at least one mental disorder,…

This document seeks to inform administrators and clinicians about appropriate diagnosis and treatment approaches that will help ensure the development or enhancement of effective lesbian-, gay-, bisexual-, and transgender (LGBT)-sensitive programs. Serving as both a reference tool and program guide, it provides statistical and demographic…

This paper examines the relationship between clinical psychology and the health care system. The first part reviews the empirical Axis I disorders with patients who also have a comorbid DSM-IV diagnosed personality disorder. While the understanding and treatment of AI disorders have improved, severe limitations exist when patients use the health…

Presents a method to improve client classification. Reviews clinical prediction models and statistical prediction issues. In classifying clients for remedial services, utility of the prediction scheme depends on gains accrued by its use over program base rates and relative cost. This assumes that differential treatments parallel diagnostic…