To clarify what is known about skills in online searching, this paper reviews opinionative literature dealing with personal traits of online searchers and research investigations focusing on searching errors and causal factors such as searchers' institutional affiliation, training, experience, aptitudes, personality, creative orientation, and…

Presents findings from meta-analysis of 85 studies of premarital, marital, and family enrichment, representing 3,886 couples or families. Findings are discussed in terms of overall enrichment effectiveness and salient program, subject, design, measurement, and analysis characteristics. The most powerful factors related to outcome were measurement…

Research on cognitive development of low-birthweight infants is reviewed. The study of high-risk populatons should include measures of psychological development. Detailed assessment of the children's daily life and behavior patterns can provide clues for causal linkages to account for the association between social economic status and cognitive…

A model of the development of interpersonal negotiation strategies in adolescents is proposed which included social-cognitive, interpersonal, and contextual aspects; and which has implications for such school-based interventions as classroom curriculum, individual/group counseling, school climate/discipline, and parent involvement. Implications…

Relates writing apprehension to a variety of measures of self-esteem and personality in 13 separate studies. (HOD)

Examines five factors critical to the successful functioning of search analysts as reference librarians: professional training, background knowledge and working experience in references services, personality characteristics and interpersonal skills, the marketing of online services, and patron evaluations supplemented by postsearch reference…

Discusses psychophysiological methods in relationship to personality research. The paper is organized in four sections: (l) advantages inherent in the use of psychophysiological measures; (2) psychophysiological constructs particularly well suited to personality research; (3) how to choose a set of psychophysiological measures; and (4) whether or…

Though recreational programs are not planned specifically to reduce delinquency, well-planned recreation programs can keep potential delinquents from misusing their leisure time. (JN)

Presents an overview of the published literature delineating variables associated with dual career couples, including the numerous benefits or incentives, common conflicts and stressors, and the personality dynamics shared by these couples. Dysfunctional coping strategies as well as adaptive strategies are also described. (Author)

The premise that "sports builds character" is scrutinized through a discussion of several contact sports--boxing, hockey, and football. The fine line between assertiveness and aggression is explored, and the interrelationship between society and sports is investigated. (JN)

This review of research on factors which influence the degree of stigma attached to handicaps discusses: (1) ranking handicaps in order of acceptability; (2) personality factors involved in response to handicaps; (3) how professional groups respond to handicaps; and (4) how attitudes may be changed. (Author)

Excessive "too-goodness" in a child can lead to obsessive neuroses which result in compulsions or ruminations. The only effective treatment is early prevention, culturally, socially, and behaviorally. Children must understand that all excesses are bad. Being bad is sometimes good. Being too good can be unhealthy. (Author/BEF)

Demonstrates that a situation-centered perspective provides a useful contribution in understanding women's lack of job mobility. Discusses the implications of situation-centered and person-centered research approaches for action directed toward change. (Author/BE)

Explores the impact of community violence on the development of young children, especially those with developmental disabilities. Characteristics of young children's responses to stress and trauma are reviewed and child, family, and community factors which contribute to resilience are identified. Intervention approaches are suggested. (Author/DB)

The discovery of penicillin is cited in a discussion of the role of serendipity as it relates to scientific discovery. The importance of sagacity as a personality trait is noted. Successful researchers have questioning minds, are willing to view data from several perspectives, and recognize and appreciate the unexpected. (JW)