Examines possible sources of bias in the citation process and discusses consequences they may have on researchers. Discusses subjective and biased choice of citations; whether to cite reviews or original publications; citation errors; and whether citation analysis is a good measure of quality. Concludes citation analysis may be far from ideal way…

Offers a concise, abstract description of the scientific method different from the historical, philosophical, and case-study approaches, which lead to comprehension of this method. Discusses features of scientific models, dynamic interactions underlying scientific progress, ways that scientist successfully understand nature, mechanisms for…

Recent dramatic developments in brain research and technology suggest that a comprehensive understanding of how the human brain works may soon be within reach. Just as the ability of the medical profession to treat patients improved dramatically with the advent of effective research skills and technology concerning the structure, biochemistry, and…

An evaluation of four seventeenth and eighteenth century essays on optics revealed early trends in the evolution of scientific articles. The later articles showed a growing tendency to (1) separate practice from pure knowledge, (2) organize information around problems of knowledge and theory rather than around chronological events, (3) emphasize…

The evolving profession of sport and physical education should develop a revised taxonomy for sport and developmental physical activity and for related subdisciplines and subprofessional fields. An inventory of scientific findings in these fields should be organized, using a systems approach. (Author/PP)

The major criticism of all research into teacher effectiveness is that results are too generalized and simplistic. The research is frequently based on perceptions of effective teaching rather than on demonstrated causes of student learning. Alternative research topics and methods are discussed. (JN)

Presents selected recent advances in immobilization chemistry which have important connections to affinity chromatography. Discusses ligand immobilization and support modification. Cites 51 references. (CS)

Emphasizes recent advances in principles and methodology in ion exchange and chromatography. Two tables list representative examples for inorganic ions and organic compounds. Cites 544 references. (CS)

Reviews recent literature in electron spin resonance (ESR) and provides information on the advances and/or applications of ESR spectrometry. Cites 40 references. (CS)

Reviews current literature on chemiluminescence. Discusses areas of progress in analytical luminescence spectrometry during 1978-1979. Cites 590 references. (CS)

Reviews current research in NMR spectrometry, in the areas of apparatus and techniques, spectral analysis, computer applications, analytical applications, and selected organic and inorganic systems. Various aspects of NMR spectrometry are presented in tabular form, with 133 references. Listed also are 124 references from the discussions in the…

Reviews mainly quantitative analytical applications in the field of Raman spectrometry. Includes references to other reviews, new and analytically untested techniques, and novel sampling and instrument designs. Cites 184 references. (CS)

Reviews instrumental developments and technique improvements in X-ray spectrometry, grouped into major topic areas of excitation, dispersion and detection, instrumentation and techniques, and quantitative analyses. Cites 162 references. (CS)

Outlines recent advances in the development of the field of chemometrics, defined as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to chemical measurements. Emphasizes applications in the field. Cites 288 references. (CS)

Reviews recent growth in electron spectroscopy (54 papers cited). Emphasizes advances in instrumentation and interpretation (52); photoionization, cross-sections and angular distributions (22); studies of atoms and small molecules (35); transition, lanthanide and actinide metal complexes (50); organometallic (12) and inorganic compounds (2);…