Based on the assumption that the process of supervising counselors-in-training is analogous to supervising student teachers, the research on each is reviewed. Research on counselor training is found to be more cohesive and coherent, and a collaborative research agenda, combining both areas of research, is recommended. (TJH)

The role of the administrator as an evaluator of instruction is examined in this paper. Included are a definition of terms and discussions of the historical development and purposes of instructional evaluation. Evaluation methods such as observation, clinical supervision, evaluation instruments, self-evaluation, and student achievement scores are…

Glickman's developmental supervision model addresses professionalism by focusing on adult development, teacher development, and life span transitions. This paper describes a study that interviewed 30 graduate students and 120 classroom teachers concerning the relationship between the developmental supervision process and teachers' reflective…

An overview of the reasons for and basic elements of teacher evaluation programs, and a deeper look at one state's program in particular, are presented in this booklet. The first chapter discusses why teacher evaluations are useful, what processes for evaluation can be followed, how state and local policymakers can enhance the usefulness of…

Traces the history of teacher assessment and of research on classroom interactions. Lists key elements in an assessment program. Discusses the need for trained assessors, teacher cooperation, and reevaluation. (WD)

This paper reviews the literature on the developmental stages of trainees and supervisors and how experience changes each of these groups. The assumption that trainees and supervisors learn and improve as they gain in experience does not explain how psychology trainees and supervisors change. The nature of this change leads to a number of…

The concept of clinical supervision has for several years incorporated ideas about supervisory techniques that have recently received growing support from research on the implementation of innovations by teachers. Among these ideas are that supervision should be focused on teacher behaviors, that analysis of patterns of teacher behavior can help…

This paper presents a literature review relating to the instructional supervision of student teachers and a description of a study relating to student teacher supervision. Data from the review and study, which involved the observation of 14 student teaching experiences, indicate that student teaching is the most important aspect of preservice…

Research on elementary teaching practices has provided a list of effective teacher behaviors. This list can be used as a menu from which administrators and teachers can select objectives that will serve the teachers as goals for improvement and the administrators as criteria for teacher evaluation. The behaviors listed in this paper have been…

Teacher supervision is suffering from a legacy of being affiliated with an outmoded integration of science and technology. Dialectical supervision, which emphasizes empowering teachers with ways of knowing that involve continually confronting themselves and searching for more responsive and less dominant educative practices, is proposed as an…

Offers tips for supervising teachers and teaching based on the assumption that good teaching is an art rather than a science.

In an attempt to improve the communication process and draw attention to some ideas that need further study, a communication model that deals specifically with the supervisor-teacher interaction process is presented. (Author)

Supervisors can help teachers resolve problems involving affiliation, control, parents, student success, and time. (Author)

Contrasts the view of teaching as a technical reality with the view of teaching as reflective practice and examines the purposes of supervision from both perspectives. Reviews literature on reflection in teaching and empirical research on instructional supervision to promote reflective teaching. (TE)

Properly construed, clinical supervision in education involves a true, collaborative collegiality among teachers in place of the traditional power relationship between teachers and dominant, "expert," administrator-level supervisors. By eliminating the power of the nonteaching supervisor to prescribe procedures for improving teaching,…