Suggests that poetic and figurative language be incorporated into counselor education curricula and explores five practical ways of doing this. Concludes that a knowledge of the poetic may facilitate counselor-client communication and interaction, complement other counseling techniques, and help in counselor-client problem solving. (Author)

Given the strength of departments, pressures on faculty, and the large number of teaching assistants responsible for undergraduate instruction in research universities, writing instruction often seems to be "in spite of the curriculum." However, it is possible to run successful writing-across-the-curriculum programs in such institutions. (MSE)

Introduces the journal issue's articles and their theme that focuses on the controversy over university practices and mission in responding to changing demographics in a multicultural society. Reviews positions of Eurocentric traditionalists and multicultural perspective proponents. Urges that higher education broaden the constituency of…

Over the last decade, there have been rapid developments in field methodologies within participatory approaches to rural and agricultural development. At the same time, the use of "soft systems" methodologies for bringing potentially conflictual or disparate actors together for action has spread from the business world to other applications. These…

An overview is provided of the history and current status of arts education in community colleges in Iowa and across the nation. After a brief history of art programs in higher education, the paper reviews research on course offerings, enrollment trends, student characteristics, and the role of the colleges as community cultural centers.…

Drawing from case studies of the educational systems in 11 of the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), this report examines the curricular organization and content of post-compulsory education in Canada, France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,…

The literature on the development of college students is discussed, and recommendations are offered for developing a course on student development theory and research. The following observations about the literature are considered: (1) the literature on the college student is actually two separate literatures, one focused on outcomes and the other…

Reviewing literature and research, this paper examines the arguments in the debate over the importance or desirability of a general education component in vocational technical programs. After an introductory section tracing the history and role of the community/junior college, the increasing curricular importance of vocational education, and…

What is taught, what is learned, and how they relate to graduate employment are examined in an effort to interpret the trend toward vocationalism within higher education institutions. It is suggested that tightening of the graduate labor market inaugurated an accelerating trend toward vocationalism that has contributed to a deterioration of…

This essay examines the ways in which biology, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship and research into the areas of gender and sexuality, focusing on the validity, limits, and gender bias of scientific objectivity. It explains that gender bias exists not only in who traditionally has been expected to do science (namely white…

This essay examines the ways in which British literature, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship and research into the areas of gender and sexuality. It reports that feminist literary criticism took definitive shape in the late 1960s as part of the women's liberation movement, and that a central concern of this first…

This essay examines the ways in which economics, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. It explains that feminist work in transforming economics began to gain ground only in the early 1990s, and that the impact of feminist or multicultural insights on the core research assumptions of the discipline has been…

This essay examines the ways in which music, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. It explains that during the 1970s, music scholars began to recover the history of women composers and musicians, and that by the 1980s scholars such as Susan McClary had begun to explore such issues as musical semiotics and…

This essay examines the ways in which political science, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. It explains that gender politics theory and research have grown tremendously since the late 1960s, focusing not only on including women in research on political behavior and policy, but also reevaluating the theories,…

This survey takes a best-practices approach to several major issues involving graduate certificate programs; these include: (1) leadership (whether the graduate school should administer certificate programs, state regulation, procedures for approving new programs, impact on student diversity, and terminology); (2) management (whether certificate…