This monograph offers an overview of historical trends in the funding of special education programs, examines current issues, and considers directions for the future. After an introductory section, a section on historical perspectives notes trends in federal and state funding since 1975. A table shows the current funding formulas used by each…

This book explores the legacy of institutional racism in American Indian education, presents two contrasting assessments of Indian education in public and tribal schools, and outlines a more aggressive federal role to assure equity in local school systems. For most of its history, federally funded Indian education aimed to assimilate American…

This book consists of 18 essays that discuss teaching methods and resource material promoting productive school experiences for American Indian students. The first section of the book introduces the notion of empowerment of Indian students through multicultural education, foundations of Indian education, the history of Indian education, tribal and…

This book presents an in-depth examination of 142 U.S. school districts (containing at least 5,000 students and 5 percent Hispanic enrollment) in order to understand Hispanic inequities in education and what can be done to correct these inequities. Chapter 1 presents political theory of educational policy. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the…

This book offers a perspective on the science education enterprise that individuals can use as they attempt to understand what happens in science classrooms and what should happen. This book is a historical account of ideas in science education that covers the time period from approximately the middle of the nineteenth century to 1991. How science…

The fundamental conflict in the intellectual history of Alaskan education originated in the work of Father John Veniaminov (1797-1879) and Sheldon Jackson (1834-1909), both visionaries and missionaries to Alaska, both educators and founders of schools. The major distinction between them was in their radically differing attitudes toward religion…

This examination of innovation and invention in higher education presents the thesis that, contrary to public perceptions about the university and internal attempts at separation and purification, higher education has, from its earliest days, repeatedly introduced far-reaching innovations, responsive to the economic, social, and political needs of…

The history of school district reorganization in New York State over the past 150 years is examined. Basic research tools included a survey of present and former district superintendents, contacts with former State Education Department personnel, and reports from other leading figures and past participants. Sections are included on: the historical…

Key federal policy decisions since World War II that have affected the number and characteristics of students entering higher education and, overall, the social-stratification role of higher education are reviewed. The focus is on legislation and other policy decisions concerning student aid, community colleges, and postsecondary vocational…

Trends in pre-college philosophy teaching are discussed. Today philosophy, especially at the elementary level, is becoming fashionable. Research has shown that even minimal training in philosophy improves students' reading and mathematical abilities as well as general skills such as reasoning and creativity. A study examining the formal training…

In examining the sexual structuring of employment in public education from 1840 to 1980, the following social phenomenon are discussed: (1) socially accepted attitudes on the role of women in the early part of the nineteenth century; (2) the structure of schooling and cultural emphasis upon the "natural" abilities of women to instruct young…

The document analyzes the background, issues, current status, and trends concerning citizenship education. In section I, historic and current forces which shape citizenship programs are presented. Civil education is traced from the revolutionary period to the present. Current influential forces described include global interdependence and advanced…

Based on a review of the literature and ongoing research, this four-part monograph provides a composite profile of the enrollment and financial status of the nation's community colleges. After introductory material describing research methodology, Part I analyzes community college enrollment by sex, examines the increase in the number of adult…

Major historical and recent developmental stages of professional education are reviewed and the outlook for the 1980's is discussed. Topics include: the admissions outlook and the professional school experience; curricular development; faculty training, evaluation, and rewards; labor market prospects after professional school; continuing education…

This report on adult learning in Spain first establishes a series of socioeconomic, historical, and conceptual coordinates. Chapter 1 has three parts dedicated to the context. Part 1 has a conceptual map showing the different terms and categories used in adult education and training (AET). Part 2 shows the present socioeconomic context in which…