Investigates the extent to which attitudes, family, and environmental correlates are associated with the escalation from nonviolent to violent offending among incarcerated youths. Beliefs that power equates safety and a violent home environment were salient in understanding escalation in offending behavior, and prior criminal victimization was…

Investigates sources of variation in parents' assessment of parental stress and the effects of early institutionalization. Participants included 109 mother-father pairs who adopted children from Eastern Europe. Significant differences between mothers and fathers were obtained on child- and parent-related stress. Results indicated that children's…

Reviews day care research since 1980, focusing on the role of family as primary influence on the child's development, the characteristics of high quality day care environment, and effects of day care on children's development. Specifically considers how qualities of home environment interact with qualities of day care environment to mediate…

Briefly examines some of the explanations of low reading achievement among deaf children and suggests that, instead of the traditional explanations that focus on the characteristics of the deaf, environmental factors and the quality and quantity of reading instruction may significantly contribute to reported low achievement levels. (CB)

Reviews the literature on attachment and child maltreatment in relation to the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. Review of 13 studies suggests that a poor mother-infant relationship is the primary process by which maltreatment continues from one generation to the next. (Author/DB)

Presents an overview of an evolving program of surveying the judgments of children and significant adults in their lives regarding the importance and existence of children's rights in homes and schools. Provides the history, purposes, design, process, and general all-country composite findings for the project. Identifies cross-country patterns for…

Analyzes young Portuguese students' perceptions of their rights at school and at home. Results reveal that students who have a greater degree of personal limitations, or who live in worse school or family contexts, are the ones who indicate less importance and perceive less existence of rights at school and at home. (Contains 15 references and 5…

Discusses the role diet and nutrition play in the stress of individuals and families who seek help from a family therapist. Discusses when to assess a client's diet. Provides methods for diet inquiry using case examples for illustration. Recommendations are provided for marriage and family counselor training. (JDM)

To investigate differences in the family environments of different cultural groups, the Family Environment Scale and a clinical interview were administered to 153 college students from White (non-Hispanic), Hispanic, and African Caribbean backgrounds. A multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences…

The main rationale for defining two-parent families eligible for welfare was to keep families intact by eliminating an incentive for union dissolution. But there are other reasons for family instability, most notably women's reduced economic gain from marriage associated with having a chronically unemployed husband. This article explores the…

Argues that there is significant disjunction between the way that families live their lives and the way that professionals theorize about families. Using the metaphor of positive and negative spaces, argues that there are many negative spaces in our theorizing--everyday family activities that take up considerable time, energy, and attention but…

Cultural discontinuity refers to the lack of cohesion between two or more cultures. Upon entry into school, differences in the functional use of language among culturally and linguistically diverse children have been found to account for the discontinuity they experience. Because children come to school socialized to language in culture-specific…

Researchers have postulated that depression is the result of a number of factors. Theories include genetic, biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, and/or social stress factors as possible causes. Although all of these factors may be involved, the family is the setting in which the risk factors are actualized. Family factors have long…

The paper collects data concerned with the problem of underachievement in gifted girls. The first section looks at how society limits gifted girls in the schools and in the work place. The next section examines how gifted girls limit themselves through internal barriers to achievement, attitudes, and lack of self-esteem. The final section offers…

Outlines the recent biological findings regarding schizophrenia and presents a model for social work interventions with schizophrenic individuals and their families. (Author/ABB)