Although there is a growing body of literature on students' transition from middle school to high school, much of the literature fails to take into consideration the distinctive racial and environmental circumstances of African American students. This article reviews literature related to the transitioning of African American students and…

Briefly considering the literature, this paper reviews research in the area of temperament and points out the implications of findings for school psychologists. Following a brief discussion of several definitions of temperament, two issues given the most consideration in the theoretical literature are outlined: the genetic origins of temperament…

The purpose of this paper is to present different aspects of the effects of grade retention on students and to consider what is best for the total development of the child. Studies show that grade retention does not ensure significant gains in achievement. However, studies seem to be less conclusive regarding retention due to the immaturity of…

This review summarizes pertinent literature on the differential impact of primary versus secondary public education on students. Data show that junior high/middle school students with prominent elementary school maladjustments have a 5-13-fold greater rate of grade failure, suspension, and undue absenteeism than do students without such…

A sense of school belonging has been theorized to be crucial to a childs positive school adjustment and may contribute to their future mental health. The present study investigated the relationship between sources of social support as measured by Harters Social Support Scale for Children and Goodenows Psychological Sense of School Membership. The…

The effects of shortening gifted students' overall time for completing elementary, secondary, and collegiate education are addressed. A study of the performance of such accelerated students in Johns Hopkins University's program indicates that most of the early entrants have done well without encountering serious emotional and social difficulties.…

Reviews studies comparing short- and long-term effects of language-based socially and cognitively interactive play enrichment in day care and the home during infancy. Found that both day care and home children experiencing intervention advanced to high levels of language and cognitive functioning compared to control children. Advantages of home…

Six million American families relocate each year; relocation places demands on children to adapt to new situations. Provides a critical synthesis of the fragmented scholarship about relocating and its effects on children and families. Recommends five school policies and classroom practices that can facilitate children's adjustment to relocating…

Argues that an evolutionary account provides insight into developmental function and individual differences. Outlines some assumptions of evolutionary psychology related to development. Introduces the developmental systems approach, differential influence of natural selection at different points in ontogeny, and development of evolved…

Summarizes research relating to young adolescent's transitions into high school. Notes studies suggesting it is time for educators to reemphasize articulation as a function of middle level education to assist these transitions. (JPB)

Child care in New Zealand and Australia has become a crucial part of the child-rearing system, and most preschool children spend a prolonged period in at least one away-from-home environment for a substantial part of the day. Because so many preschool children are exposed to a child care environment before entering school, the transition from…

With over 35,000 asylum-seeking and refugee children in British schools, British policy has become increasingly restrictive toward refugees. Some of the successful initiatives for the proper integration of these children, along with effective provisions, are detailed in this collection of articles. This book, which is intended for teachers,…

This paper reviews research relevant to the adjustment of adults with learning disabilities (LD) in the areas of academic, occupation/vocational, social, and personal/emotional functioning. After an introduction, methodological concerns are raised in the areas of sampling, definitions, experimental designs, and instrumentation. The review…

This paper, one of several written for a comprehensive policy study of early childhood education in Illinois, examines and summarizes the literature on the problems of young children in adjusting to starting school full-time and describes the nature and extent of their difficulties in relation to statewide educational policy. The review of studies…

Data from 44 studies were mathematically integrated to determine the effect of grade-level retention on elementary and/or junior high school pupils. Grand means and effect sizes of dependent variable measures, including academic achievement and personal adjustment, were calculated. Outcomes for promoted pupils were more positive than for retained…