Introduction: Authors have stressed the importance of the broader contextual influences on practice improvement and learning and have expressed concern about gaps between research and practice. This implies a potential expansion of the knowledge base for continuing education in the health professions (CEHP) and an increased emphasis on research…

This paper describes the research and development of a conceptual framework to use in restructuring rural schools. In reviewing the literature of school restructuring, citations were categorized under concepts related to fundamental change. Initial assumptions about school restructuring were identified, such as "learning is participatory."…

Discussion of intelligent computer assisted learning (CAL) systems considers both those that offer natural language communication to the user and those that are adaptive, generative, or self-improving. Current interest in student-built learning environments (exemplified by work with LOGO and PROLOG) is examined, and obstacles to future intelligent…

Reviews literature concerning questions confronting Third World countries in deciding to launch domestic programs of research and development. Concludes that the adoption of a domestic science and technology policy is not only an economic decision but also a highly political one involving the strategy of national development. (Author/KC)

In the United States, recent educational research and development efforts reflect an overriding concern for maximizing these impact areas on practice, as illustrated by five thrusts: development work; evaluation; fundamental research; dissemination; and attention to the process of social inquiry. The complexity of American education makes research…

Proposes future directions for career counseling with lesbian, gay male, bisexual male and female, and transgendered persons. Suggestions include efforts for theory development, empirical research, career assessment, counseling practice, and counselor education. (Contains 53 references.) (GCP)

Presents a response to commentaries regarding the main articles of this target issue. Suggests a model for school psychology research and practice that positions the discipline for leadership on the transactions that coexist among educational, cognitive, and developmental processes and mental health interventions. (Contains 11 references.) (GCP)

The trend toward commercialization in research universities is attributed not only to economic dependence on the commercial sector, but also to a changing interpretation of universities' role in research and service to include development of technology, technology transfer, and economic development. (MSE)

Reviews literature since Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education (1961) decision. Notes scholarship moving away from discussing purpose and utility of adversarial proceedings, trend that may work against best interests of those institutions. Argues that research should consider the personal incentive mechanisms inherent in a structured…

Discussion of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) focuses on what is required to evaluate the efficacy of an ITS. Research and development aspects of ITS are examined; and seven main principles that may be used to design, plan, and implement an effective ITS evaluation are described. (Contains 40 references.) (LRW)

Presents demographic information about biracial persons, reviews previous models of racial identity development, discusses their shortcomings when applied to biracial persons, and presents new model of racial identity development focusing on unique aspects of the experience of biracial individual in the United States. Presents counseling…

Discusses communication in research and development, hypotheses of efficiency, and implications for information science. Topics addressed include cognitive situations of individuals and groups; the use of information; the adequacy of available information; the inefficiency of scientific communication; and the unpredictable impact of the same…

Overview of current trends in the preservation of library materials discusses collections conservation and management; climate control; insect and mold control; fire control; the effects of compact shelving; freezing and freeze-drying; space drying; alkaline paper; recycled paper; mass deacidification; and paper strengthening. (27 notes and…

Reviews, from a British perspective, the literature on lifelong inclusive education for individuals with learning disabilities. The role of the family, community, and society in an inclusive educational culture is discussed. The paper urges more longitudinal studies, structured evaluation of inclusive educational developments, basic research on…

Introduces a series of articles on the prevention and treatment of dyslexia in Europe. The benefits of the Cooperation Scientifique et Technologique (COST), a framework for a research and development collaboration that promotes coordination of national research at the international level, is also discussed. (CR)