The supply and demand for teachers to staff urban public schools depend on the following factors: (1) school district resources; (2) climate and conditions of employment; (3) federal, state, and local policies; (4) demographic trends; and (5) socioeconomic factors. Urban school districts must recruit teachers and must continue to develop them…

This report examines the pathways of recent school leavers who enter the higher education sector in Australia. The focus is on the first three years after completing senior secondary school. The report has four broad aims: (1) to provide estimates of the proportions of entrants who change courses or leave the higher education sector before…

This paper reviews the factors and mechanisms that have been driving inequality in Mexico and finds that educational inequality accounts for by far the largest share of Mexico's variation in earnings inequality. More specifically, it examines the expansion in earnings inequality with emphasis on the role of education, establishes an analytical…

This review attempts to consider all publicly available studies that examine employment outcomes for people who have left welfare. Only studies that describe their methodology clearly and report survey response rates of 50% or higher are included, for a total of 11 studies reviewed. These studies cover various geographic areas, labor market…

This report compares elementary and secondary schools in the United States to schools in 11 other countries. It analyzes the role of schools in preparing students either to continue their education or to enter the labor force. It addresses such questions as "Are there more children in poverty in the United States than in other countries?" and…

Reviews economic and sociological theories that identify structural and personal factors associatied with unemployment. Suggests a policy approach for dealing with the problem, hypothesizing that effective social network systems and sponsorship groups are needed to help presently unemployed youth gain entry and acceptance into the labor market.…

The author examines some of the traditional barriers and myths which have led to unemployment and underemployment of the handicapped, including job search practices, labor market variations, attitudes restricting occupational choice, and lack of training. He notes recent beneficial trends and makes recommendations for further change. (SJL)

Describes employers' increased level of interest in campus recruitment. Looks at who's hiring, the positions they are trying to fill, and how much they are willing to pay. Outlines ways to approach small employers, and provides information on what employers want in a new employee (e.g., excellent communication skills). (RJM)

Analyzes labor market effects of the aging population, examines projected population and employment trends in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries; effects on savings and productivity; and projections for 2000-2050 in six countries. Discuses national and international policies to increase employment of older adults and…

The literature suggests that growth of rural industries in developing nations indicates rural poverty and lack of farm employment rather than rural development. A survey of 115 small producers of various goods in rural West Java (Indonesia) confirms that most are poor, have little education, and undertake production for survival reasons. Contains…

Examines the emerging market for information professionals, including employment opportunities and educational requirements, based on a study conducted at Indiana University. Results of content analysis of job advertisements, survey responses of library school graduates, and field interviews with information specialists are discussed; and…

Although China has a long history of vocational guidance, it is functionally at a beginning stage in career development and counseling because of the historical vagaries of its political leadership. This article addresses historic and current trends in the economy and labor market in China and their profound impact on the development of career…

This review of the literature focuses first on the common reasons for the need for mentoring (professional development, changing roles, principal shortage, under representation of women, and barriers) and continues with a definition and description of mentoring. Finally, the current status of mentoring is summarized followed by a discussion of the…

Volume Three of the Biomedical and Behavioral Research Scientists study contains five commissioned papers. The first paper, "Evaluating the National Research Service Award Program (NRSA): A Review and Recommendations for the Future," (Georgina M. Pion) reviews previous evaluation activities of the NRSA program and proposes an agenda describing the…

The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC), which was enacted in 1978, provided an incentive to employers to hire impoverished youth and other individuals from designated groups. In line with classical economic theory, advocates of TJTC anticipated that the legislation would boost total employment by reducing the cost of employing targeted workers. The…