Research indicates that an increasing demand for teacher accountability and student achievement is at the forefront with the mandate of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001. These challenges will be crucial in urban and rural schools where the need for classroom teachers in critical teaching areas such as bilingual education, special…

Native American language communities have had four choices regarding the adoption or change of a writing system in recent years: to adopt or not to adopt a system, or in the case of an existing system, to alter it or not to alter it. The paper also examines the criteria of orthography choice and functions of literacy. Bilingual education issues…

Eight articles on the state of the art in language teaching are presented as part of a series on language teaching. The articles, by V. J. Cook, M. Swain and J. Cummins, C. S. Butler, N. E. Enkvist, A. Tosi, P. Meara, and A. Davies, cover the following topics: (1) how languages are actually learned, (2) the cognitive aspects of bilingualism, (3)…

The recent history of bilingual special education teacher training is discussed, and specific examples are cited of the need for cross-cultural skills which are found neither in bilingual/bicultural education nor in special education but are vital to working with culturally and linguistically different exceptional (CLDE) students. General and…

Existing research knowledge concerning the self-concept of Asian American children, particularly in relation to bilingual education, is explored in this paper. The significance of the literature review is considered to rest on the assumption that Asian Americans' physical characteristics, language, and cultural orientation make their self-concept…

The paper addresses the state of the art in the area of culturally and linguistically responsive special education as it relates to handicapped linguistic minority students. Seven realities are outlined: (1) the population of linguistically and culturally different children is growing in public schools; (2) most linguistically and culturally…

This paper suggests that one possibility for the lack of study emphasis and unity of understanding in the area of dual language development is that language study in general shows some serious gaps and reveals a need for viewing language development as a holistic endeavor. Noting the failures of Skinnerian theory, Chomskian theory, Soviet…

This report is one of five submitted as products of a "Study Designed to Assist Planning of Research on Significant Instructional Features in Bilingual Education Programs." The reports are intended to assist the National Institute of Education (NIE) in its plans for a major new research study in bilingual education. The present report is…

Discusses the arguments frequently made against bilingual education: equal opportunity and public identity. The assertion is made that the opportunity and public identity that we hold out for individuals of other cultures can be broadened to allow them to bring the strengths of their own cultures with them. (SED)

A review of bilingual education's history in Australia indicates widespread support of bilingualism and bilingual instruction since the nineteenth century, but a decline and end to bilingual programs during the first half of this century. Different state attitudes toward multiculturalism appear to have affected this aspect of educational history.…

U.S. educational policies reflect an economic need to socialize immigrants and minority group members to fill undesirable, low-status jobs. Transitional bilingual education programs prevent immigrant children from attaining academic fluency in either their own language or English. (JOW)

This article examines sex equity in three instructional paradigms chosen due to the common characteristic of language. All three possess and transmit cultural content. Input, process, and outcome issues of sex equity are discussed. (MT)

During the past several years, the debate on how best to educate the increasing number of linguistically and culturally diverse students in the United States has intensified. Second language learners in this country are not achieving grade level proficiency in English as required by current federal mandates (Callahan, Unz & Vega, 1998).…

Discusses contradictions in Federal educational policy regarding mainland v island Puerto Ricans. Reviews recent information on the educational status of Puerto Ricans and other Hispanics. Holds that the government has a legal obligation to develop a systematic bilingual education policy and to resolve the segregation of ethnic and language…

First reviews the literature on bilingual/bicultural education for deaf students (DBiBi education). DBiBi education recognizes American Sign Language and English as distinct languages and deaf and hearing cultures as distinguishable sociocultural groups. It then describes environmental and pedagogical aspects that characterize DBiBi education as…