Reviews recent gains and continuing problems in women's employment and in sex equity in education (curriculum, materials, and personnel). Part of a theme issue on women in education. (SJL)

In her introduction to this theme issue on women and leadership, the author reviews evidence on the background characteristics and advancement patterns of women leaders. Childhood sports participation, parental support, role models, mentors, education, and the development of security and self-confidence are considered as requisites to leadership…

This paper discusses the progress achieved in women's education in Kuwait and its impact on their participation in the labor force. It is clear that Kuwait has made major strides in providing equal access to education for females. What this means in terms of women's roles is less clear. (Author)

If education is considered a nonwork activity, any change in the individual's work time will pose new challenges for educational policy. Trends in the relationship between work and nonwork time are presented. Topics include: work weeks, women workers, demographic changes, part-time work, shiftwork, technological changes and family living.

The average weekly earnings of nonmetro wage and salary workers continued to rise through 2001, although the pace has ebbed slightly since 2000. Earnings have grown steadily among all major demographic groups, although less educated workers experienced smaller gains than college graduates. Gains for less-educated workers suggest that welfare…

Reviews selected literature from the small group communication research on gender and leadership emergence and suggests implications of this research for women seeking administrative positions. Hopes that, as men and women become sensitive to effects of sex-role stereotypes on group dynamics and leadership behaviors, there will be increase in…

This paper examines the gender order that operates in rural areas of Australia, ensuring that women are accorded secondary status, that their contributions are discounted, and that their concerns are trivialized. Women are disadvantaged by patriarchal gender relations that dominate rural society and that are reinforced by ideologies of family and…

Women have made slow, steady progress in the labor market since 1979, but the wage gap has not narrowed significantly. This briefing paper updates a September 1987 paper based on "Male-Female Differences in Work Experience, Occupations, and Earnings: 1984" (Current Population Reports, Household Economic Studies, Series P-70, No. 10, issued in…

The changing role of Japanese women can be seen in the stages of a domestic labor debate which occurred at three different times in the past 30 years. The first debate began with Ayako Ishigaki's (1955) insistence that women should have a job outside the home. Wartime production helped break down traditional divisions of labor by encouraging women…

Two areas in which the impact of economic crises on women's employment in the Great Depression of 1930 and during the 1970's and 1980's appear to be similar are examined: (1) the actual changes in female employment; and (2) the ideological campaigns and policies generated and/or reinforced, especially by the federal government, blaming women for…

This book is a compilation of papers reporting and interpreting new research on women presented at the 1979 conference, "Women's Life Cycle and Public Policy," held at the University of Michigan. The papers focus on ways that women's lives may differ from men's, and on adaptations, both individual and social, that may encourage equal participation…

Research examined in this review shows that when women and men perform the same acts or produce similar products, evaluations often differ, frequently in ways which are not consistent. In general, evaluation favors men over women when a competent performance is being assessed, while women are favored over men when an incompetent outcome is being…

Inspite of the tremendous increase in the burden of market work faced by married American women in the last decade, the differential in household work time between husbands and wives still persists. The results of this study assert that the differences in socioeconomic characteristics between husbands and wives explain only part of that…

There is a major concern about the drop of young women entering Computer Science degree programs and a drop in the participation of women in these information technology occupations. In all levels of educational institutions across the nation, girls and women remain under-represented in computer and information science studies and subsequently,…

Extensive research has focused on factors that hinder the advancement of women in organizations. However, scarce literature exists about factors that facilitate such development. This paper reviews recent scholarship on women at work, through an analysis of existing literature, in order to identify factors that facilitate the advancement of…