Defines the term "cognitively disabled"; discusses some of the negative assumptions about the cognitively disabled found in many books, while simultaneously noting the books' positive aspects; and provides an annotated bibliography of books that deal with cognitively disabled people. (FL)

Review of discrimination and inequalities between sexes with regard to educational opportunities in developing and developed nations indicates that although organizational barriers to discrimination have often been removed, attitudinal barriers remain. Concludes that discriminatory practices due to teacher attitudes are the most difficult to…

This document presents a review of the literature that examines the relationship of spiritual centeredness to the development of a positive self-concept and good mental health, emphasizing the Judeo-Christian concept of spirituality, but discussing other concepts as well. The review focuses on three areas: coping skills, self-concept, and values…

Many television viewers construct their social reality from media content as well as from sensory and interpersonally communicated information. One aspect of this media-influenced social reality is television viewers' estimates of crime in society, or their fear of criminal victimization. Several media-effects studies have demonstrated the…

Images that nations have of each other become barriers to effective intercultural communication if they are overgeneralized, oversimplified, or unfairly exaggerated. The communication difficulties between Japan and the United States, for example, exemplify how images negatively influence the political and economic relations between two countries.…

This paper reviews research concerning students' and teachers' attitudes toward computers, points out obstacles to computer literacy, and suggests ways to expand it through staff development, planning, and attention to teachers' sensitivities. Factors impeding computer literacy include: (1) diverse computer software and programs; (2) inconsistent…

Burnout can be a serious problem for those in the leisure service professions. Symptoms of burnout, job-related factors which contribute to it, characteristics of high-risk persons, and personal and professional strategies to combat it are discussed. (PP)

The authors review studies of the self concept and locus of control of learning disabled children, emphasizing that their negative academic self concepts are often reinforced by low expectations of mothers and teachers. Reprinted from the "Journal of Clinical Child Psychology," 1979, v8 pp223-26. (Editor/SJL)

Examines the effects of group membership on group members' concerns about justice. Two types of effects are hypothesized to exist: inclusionary and exclusionary. Inclusionary effects involve the relationship between groups and their members. Exclusionary effects involve the relationship of groups to nonmembers. Data indicate that inclusionary…

To explore how news sources are used by media to create a social image of women during key suffrage events of 1858, 1920, and 1970, the front page stories of the "New York Times" were reviewed for 1 week prior to and 1 week following each of these events: May 14, 1858, the Eighth National Women's Rights Convention in New York City;…

Suggests a cognitive-emotional approach to understanding loneliness, explores some empirical work on the subject, and offers social workers and counselors some possible intervention strategies. Researchers must examine the relationship between loneliness, depression, and negative attitudes. (Author/JAC)

This article explains how and why stress mechanisms operate in students who participate in sports. Students respond to different sport situations with various physical, psychological, and social reactions. When developing and supervising sports, school personnel should take into consideration the physical and psychological development of…

Addresses the issue of pregnancy in adolescent girls from a psychiatric viewpoint. Explores why adolescent girls become pregnant; how pregnancy affects the adolescent's emotional process; pregnant adolescents becoming emotional/physical "at-risk" cases; and which factors affect the birth-delivery process. Discusses how sex education can help…

Explores the effects of layoffs on work behavior and attitude of employees not laid off. Study results indicate that survivors become more withdrawn from their jobs if they believe management handled the layoff unfairly, and these tendencies are more evident if layoff victims were included in survivors' scope of justice. (JS)

Among the various attempts to identify the social roots of antifeminism, two theories in particular are prominent. The first argues that for both men and women, anti-abortion and anti-Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) sentiments have disproportionate appeal among lower socio-economic status, rural, and older constituencies. The second asserts that for…