This Information Capsule reviews research conducted on computer-based assessments. Advantages and disadvantages associated with computer-based testing programs are summarized and research on the comparability of computer-based and paper-and-pencil assessments is reviewed. Overall, studies suggest that for most students, there are few if any performance differences when multiple-choice tests are taken on computer versus on paper. Research indicates, however, that the mode in which students take a test may have an impact on their performance when demographic characteristics, computer skills, computer type, test characteristics, item type, and content area tested are considered. In particular, some studies suggest that students with more computer skills receive higher scores on computer-based tests. Research has also found that open-ended items may lead to more differences in performance between computer-based and paper-and-pencil tests and that students' performance may decline when they are required to scroll through information on the computer screen in order to respond to questions. Researchers therefore suggest that the transition from paper-and-pencil to computerized tests be made very cautiously. This report also includes a brief summary of the statewide computer-based testing programs being implemented in Miami-Dade County Public Schools.