Assessments in education enables educators, curriculum designers, and program developers to evaluate the success of their programs. It also allows for assessing learners enrolled in the programs. Assessment frameworks emanate from a Western and positivistic stance and tend to disregard linguistic and cultural diversity from the mainstream European…

This critical literature review argues that, in a world of increasing global interconnectedness, balancing the two diametrically opposite forces of globalism and tribalism is of critical importance. The article begins with a brief description of the world of the 21st century and goes on to discuss the terms "globalism" and "tribalism" within this…

Religious sentiment served as one of the driving forces behind the progressive movement in education. Indeed, many progressives pursued their theories and reform agendas as a missionary endeavor. Perhaps the primary task in life is growing up, or, put another way, to create a consistent personal narrative to explain people's selves to themselves.…

Defines four key aspects of a new paradigm of learning: (1) the participatory mind; (2) nature, evolution, and learning; (3) the soul and learning; and (4) transformation. Argues that if students are to believe that what they are taught is worthwhile, they must be given the power to transform. Contains 23 references. (WRM)

Counseling has always been a part of American Indian culture. Only recently has the European American counseling establishment recognized the role of culture in counseling. Developing a historical understanding of American Indians is important to working with American Indian students. It is also important for school counselors to recognize the…

Explanations of natural phenomena within a traditional Native American context are often at odds with Western scientific philosophy and what is taught in school science. Herein lies a very real conflict between two distinctly different worldviews: the mutualistic/holistic-oriented worldview of Native American cultures and the…