This systematic review examines empirical research about students' motivation for NAEP in grades 4, 8, and 12 using multiple motivation constructs, including effort, value, and expectancy. Analyses yielded several findings. First, there are stark differences in the perceived importance of doing well on NAEP among students in grades 4 (86%), 8…

In this systematic literature review, we examined the theoretical frameworks, construct operationalisation, and quantitative results as they relate to student motivation and science achievement in TIMSS studies. Our synthesis of findings derived from an international dataset present notable value in that the patterns identified regarding the…

Reports on an ethnographic study of a fourth-grade bilingual classroom that examined the culture created in the classroom and how children were socialized to it. The author argues that for culturally diverse, at-risk students to succeed, the culture of the classroom must be different in its roles, values, beliefs, and expectations than what exists…