A number of cultural, social, environmental, and biological factors have been suggested to explain women's relatively lower representation in physics and other science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. Given its persistence, the causes of gender disparities are likely to be complex and multiply determined. In this review paper, we…

Drawing on data gathered from British Council seminars in Hong Kong, Tokyo and Dubai on "Absent Talent: Women in Research and Academic Leadership" (2012-2013), this paper discusses academic women's experiences and explanations for women's under-representation as knowledge leaders and producers in the global academy. Participants from…

Collins considers the paradox that masculine domination of the arts has not altered popular identification of art as a "feminine" and therefore low-status activity. She reviews writings on gender identification in art and examines approaches for increasing women's participation in art and art education without further lowering art's status. (SJL)

Last decade has seen some major impacts of feminism on institution of psychotherapy regarding theories, treatment techniques, and assessment instruments. Changes in attitudes toward women as therapists and as clients have reflected general advances of women's movement. Presented at American Psychological Association Convention, Toronto, Canada,…

A social-psychological and historical context for understanding contemporary sex roles, fertility, parenting, and the family is provided by reviewing origins and objectives of the women's movement; feminist efforts to change social structures affecting women's choice of roles and fertility require continued attention. (Author)

Motherhood is built into social institutions and psyches. Examines the impact of the motherhood mandate and underscores complexities that must be reflected in research models and methods. (Author)

Examined the effect of gender on the ratings of sports as appropriate for male and female participation, respectively. Results from 104 women and 103 men (96.6% white) show that men, especially sex-typed men, were inclined to stereotype sports as masculine or feminine. Possible explanations include early childhood socialization and engaging in…

This book explores how women have been portrayed in various forms of American popular culture over the years. In an introductory section, it is suggested that popular culture has generally used women to represent a social mythology that is built around women's subordinate status, a position that current feminists reject. Chapter 1 reviews books…

The potential influence of sex-role stereotypes on women medical patients is examined. Evidence suggests physicians tend to attribute symptoms presented by women to psychogenic rather than organic causes, but that women nonetheless receive more medical treatment than men in the form of unnecessary surgery and psychotropic drugs. (Author)

This paper studies 411 heterosexual college students' gender roles and sexual experiences, including those experiences affecting women assuming traditional male roles in dating and sexual interactions. Findings reveal no specific patterns, but women's sexual experiences and nontraditional roles depend on the specific role and the status and…

Sport values follow societal values, and, in American society, it is evident that men have determined the social, political, and economic values upon which this country has established its laws. An overview of the social influence of men in comparison to that of women in the development of American society points out how men and women have assumed…

There is a paucity of research on leisure services for gays and lesbians. The article highlights research on homosexuals, from various disciplines; it focuses on gay and lesbian youth and notes practical implications for leisure service delivery. (SM)

This paper examines why the training, certification, selection, and promotion of educational administrators ensures both the continuation of white-male dominance and of leaders oriented toward bureaucratic maintenance. The report draws on a poststructural conceptualization of power--the deployment of power through normalization--to provide an…

Sex-role stereotypes of what was considered the proper attitude toward working women are reflected in popular fiction between 1890 and 1950, according to this study. Despite increased educational and work opportunities, women are still affected by these stereotypes which limit their business aspirations and achievement. (MF)

Writings dealing with the basis for the motive behind men's domination of women are reviewed. It is suggested that the development of this motive might be altered if men, as well as women, care for infants. The possibility of greater equality in the family and in the economy is discussed. (Author/EB)