This paper reviews the literature on the developmental stages of trainees and supervisors and how experience changes each of these groups. The assumption that trainees and supervisors learn and improve as they gain in experience does not explain how psychology trainees and supervisors change. The nature of this change leads to a number of…

Investigates the relationship among trainees' counseling experience, familiarity with specific client symptomatology, case conceptualization integrative complexity, and preferences for supervisor style. Data from 100 beginning practicum to intern-level counselor trainees reveals that general trainee experience and familiarity with client…

Teacher evaluation is required before, during, and immediately after preservice education to insure a high level of teacher accountability. Personal motivation must be understood before one chooses the profession. Admission criteria to teacher preparation programs must be strengthened so that only proper candidates are selected. Professional…