This review paper has explored politeness in non-verbal form to come to hints for indicating the ideology. Politeness in non-verbal form is researched by reviewing verbal politeness theories through interpretive techniques, and then the data in form of interpreted hints based on the reviews are analyzed by employing a coding technique. The six…

Background: Marijuana represents the most widely used illicit drug on college campuses. Repeated use can impair students' academic, emotional, and physical success and can lead to chronic diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate existing literature on the associated effects of marijuana use on U.S. college students' academic…

Background: School violence can impact the social, psychological, and physical well-being of both students and teachers and disrupt the learning process. This review focuses on a new area of research, the mechanisms by which the school environment determines the likelihood of school violence. Methods: A search for peer-reviewed articles was made…

A literature review evaluated the construct validity of the Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment Scales, which were strongly supported for use in research. The review identified empirical questions still needing resolution. (73 references) (SK)

College students have been shown to consistently overestimate the drinking of their peers. As a result, social norms approaches are effective in correcting these misperceived norms to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. In this review of literature, the authors critically evaluated the effectiveness of personalized normative…

Examines the debate concerning the relationship between the news media and the social order. Defines the concept of hegemony and explores research supporting and criticizing the media hegemony thesis. Identifies central issues confronting these varied interpretations. Suggests ways to refine research exploring the news media's production of…

Discusses the relationship between the normative structure of science and the use of electronic networks by researchers. Literature on social and technical norms in science is reviewed, and empirical data gathered in an earlier study of researchers and managers through focus groups, interviews, questionnaires, and surveys are reanalyzed. (65…

Discusses accepted standards of care for suicidal patients from the perspectives of the law, malpractice insurance claims, the mental health professions, and the ideal. A review of decisions of professional liability provides guidelines for what the court considers to be adequate care, suggesting an acceptance of minimal standards. (JAC)

This paper reviews the current empirical literature on counselor ethics, suggesting that it offers little guidance in understanding why unethical behavior occurs or how to remedy such behavior. The research literature is classified according to four basic areas of concern: (1) documenting the incidence of unethical practice; (2) identifying the…