The text focuses on identification criteria and characteristics of gifted and talented students in the context of educational programming. The section on characteristics discusses kinds of intelligence, indicators of giftedness, student characteristics that may pose difficulties for the classroom teacher (e.g., persistence, criticalness, and…

Empirical studies are reviewed of sex bias and psychometric bias in aptitude and achievement tests. It is concluded that: (1) of four studies of sex bias, all found that the language used in the tests favored males, but, at the elementary-secondary level, sex bias has been decreasing; (2) of 15 analyses of psychometric bias, all found an…