Union efforts to increase representation of women in leadership include (1) strong policy commitment; (2) identification of factors/barriers affecting women's leadership; (3) intensified training; and (4) organizational/structural changes such as alteration of rules and adoption of quotas. (SK)

This monograph focuses on the subtle behavioral and organizational barriers that hinder the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women and minority faculty and administrators in higher education today. Specifically the monograph explores the obstacles that face women and minorities who serve as full-time, tenure-track faculty and…

Analysis of affirmative action in South Africa suggests it fails because (1) it is based on developing blacks and women to function in a fundamentally unchanged work environment; (2) it is often seen as quota filling and not development; and (3) many expect it to fail and commitment is lacking. (SK)

Interviews of 30 women in the parks and recreation field centered on: (1) how their careers developed; (2) whether and how they have been discriminated against; and (3) advice they have for other career-minded women. Experiences and perceptions these women share and other aspects of their careers are presented. (CJ)

Black women college administrators are few in number, occupy peripheral positions, have little power, receive little support from peers, are underpaid and overworked, and are disillusioned about the prospects for improvement in their status. (Author/BE)

Despite the gains that have been made in employment equity in recent years, women may still feel a need for further progress. This study examines the responses of a sample of men and women teachers to an employment equity questionnaire and provides some suggestions for counseling women developing life career goals and plans. (Author)

This paper reviews the effects of affirmative action on administrative policy in higher education. The history of the Federal mandate against ethnic and sex discrimination is traced, and several court cases are reviewed. Examples of discriminatory admission and employment practices in higher education as reflected in pattern, class and individual…

This thesis discusses the evolution, development, and future of affirmative action in government. Executive Order 11246 formally created affirmative action in 1965 as a remedy for underuse of minorities and women in the workplace and classroom. Many private businesses believe government organizations promote diversity and social equity. Many local…

A study of the relative positions of women and men in senior administrative positions in New South Wales (Australia) colleges revealed women hold almost no senior executive positions, are more restricted in occupational categories, and work in areas less likely to provide career prospects. (MSE)

Reviews the commitment of the National Science Foundation (NSF) to employing minority women scientists and engineers and the progress made in the decades since the equal opportunity plan was established in 1969. (WRM)

Examines career development of women in admissions. Most women working in universities, especially public schools, occupy lower status positions. Women have the qualifications to succeed as directors of admission, but affirmative action has not increased their numbers, and those who are directors earn 80 percent of what their male counterparts…

This review essay analyzes the present research on women as managers and executives in business, commerce, and industry in the United States. The nine sections of the essay cover the following topics of potential interest to researchers and businesswomen: the historical contributions of women to the development of management, the social forces…

Investigates federal efforts to dismantle barriers to women's educational aspirations and considers how higher education is responding to demands for equality within academia. Reviews literature and some court decisions on discriminatory higher education practices to assess the court's posture and the effectiveness of legislation related to women…

Blacks, Hispanics, and women are more likely to be unemployed or underemployed than white males, regardless of economic conditions. This conclusion was drawn from an analysis of data gathered from the March Current Population Survey for the years 1971 through 1980, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, and state and local unemployment rates…

Presents historical overview of Black women's battle against the dual forces of sexism and racism. Reviews the history of affirmative action. Provides summaries of articles contained in this special issue. The articles concentrate on community, economic/social, and education issues in relation to Black women and affirmative action. (JS)