The philosophy of biology today is one of the most exciting areas of philosophy. It looks critically across the life sciences, teasing out conceptual issues and difficulties bringing to bear the tools of philosophical analysis to achieve clarification and understanding. This essay surveys work in all of the major directions of research:…

The struggle for academic freedom in nineteenth century Ontario was closely bound to the acceptance of evolutionary theory. A history is given of the impact of Darwin's theories on the evolution of academic freedom in Canadian universities. (CJB)

This article describes the history of the molecular revolution in biology and emphasizes its dependence on the emergence of bacterial genetics, the fusion of genetics and biochemistry, and the development of new techniques for studying macromolecules. (Author/SA)

Barriers to equitable scientific consideration of biological differences are being noticed by many scholars considering social equity. Many have observed the alliance and contamination of the biological and social sciences, reinforcing cultural biases. The uncritical acceptance and application of bio-medical models also produce inadequate methods…