Biases in social comparative judgments, such as those illustrated by above-average and comparative-optimism effects, are often regarded as products of motivated reasoning (e.g., self-enhancement). These effects, however, can also be produced by information-processing limitations or aspects of judgment processes that are not necessarily biased by…

Argues that the discipline of organization development needs to be scrutinized from a critical perspective. Objects to mainstream consulting practices and organizational theory. Urges the legitimacy of advocacy intervention and a recognition of the political and economic context within which the practitioner operates. (Author/RC)