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Peer reviewedFriedlander, Myrna L.; Schwartz, Gary S. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1985
Proposes a taxonomy for classifying certain kinds of client self-presentations as defensive and assertive strategies to influence counselors' impressions and behaviors. Describes four assertive strategies (ingratiation, supplication, self-promotion, and intimidation) and one defensive strategy ("facework") along with their short-term…
Descriptors: Assertiveness, Classification, Counseling, Counseling Theories
Peer reviewedSchrank, Frederick A.; Engels, Dennis W. – Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1981
Reviews research relating to various aspects of bibliotherapy, including academic achievement, assertiveness, attitude change, behavioral change, fear reduction, helper effectiveness, marital accord, self-development, and therapeutic gains. Discusses implications for using bibliotherapy as an adjunct to counseling. (RC)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Assertiveness, Attitude Change, Behavior Change
