Clients' recall and understanding of test interpretations are frequently incomplete. It has been shown that clients who receive test interpretations generally make greater gains in incorporating the results. This document presents a client centered approach to testing and interpretation. It explains how the client first participates in the…

Adult learning potential refers to our total learning capacities. It includes cognitive and affective learning as well as intuitive and reflective learning. It does not refer just to formal education (which accounts for only a small portion of our learning), but rather all learning for living, especially learning how we manage our lives. Adult…

Asserts the rationale for personal development work in counselor training stems directly from Rogers' claim of a selective constructive tendency. The basis for this belief and its implementation in experiential learning shows a number of paradoxes, however. As a result, this article states the Rogerian rationale for personal development work is…

The struggle for a positive self-image in the gay community has been keynoted by confrontations between gays and the censuring public, and by their own introspection. Since the risks demanded by self disclosure are greater for gays than for heterosexuals, a nonsupportive environment may force a strategy of nondisclosure on gays. This often…

Summaries of arguments given in the literature both for and against the use of verbal-traditional psychotherapy with mentally retarded individuals is presented. Much research examines process variables in therapy as an approach. Feedback variables are crucial. Results of a research study in which therapy groups composed of mentally retarded adults…

Various education theories are examined to explain the child's need for a Mediated Learning Experience (MLE), an interaction with another human who interprets the world. Five criteria of MLEs are described, and types of deprivation and their results are discussed. (MJB)

Most of the frameworks that have been constructed to mark off the changes in the cycle of adulthood are characterized by a particular focus such as developmental ages, the role of age and timing, or ego development. The theory of Erik Erikson, based upon his clinical observations, represents these crucial turning points in human development: ages…

Discusses the evolution and the tenets of the LIFECAREER philosophy developed jointly by the authors and based on Young's theory of "general universe process." Considers the ways in which vocational choices are made and the life-long nature of career development. Evaluates career development theories. (JHZ)

Analyzed the biographies of twenty acknowledged experts without formal training beyond high school in search of commonalities that might suggest ways people become effectively self-directed in learning and accomplishment. Patterns of education and personality characteristics are discussed. (Author/CC)

Reviews approaches to individual counseling with adult dying clients. Briefly describes approaches and their potential strengths and weaknesses. Different counseling treatments are integrated within the framework of matching treatments with clients. Suggests categorizing clients in terms of four ways of responding to death: overcoming,…

A variety of cognitive and behavioral techniques used most commonly by practicing cognitive therapists is described, including clinical examples and recommendations for their implementation. (Author)

This article explores the impact of internal barriers, priorities, and personal decisions on the realization of the potential of gifted females. Dilemmas relating to family, fear of success, the development of resilience, multi-potentiality, absence of planning, confusion about effort and ability, perfectionism, unreal expectations, and loneliness…

Previous research has found that outside events seem to have little effect on happiness. Three studies in New Zealand were conducted to identify mental processes that give circumstances their favorable and unfavorable meanings. The first study examined the gap between aspiration and achievement in terms of income, education, physical fitness,…

Presents a global overview of psychological approaches to the individual problem of self-definition. Self-reflection and the experienced presence of others discussed as two "pillars" of that problem. A developmental sketch is given, and two forms of problems (self-concept contradictions and identity problems) distinguished. Resolutions…

Young children have a sense of timelessness, while adults tend to be concerned about clock time. Adults who learn to experience timelessness again often feel a sense of inner and outer unity. The possibility that appreciation of the fine arts can create a feeling of timelessness is another reason for the value of fine arts education. (PP)