This article reviews research about the indexes and abstracts, surveys the major secondary services in librarianship, and relates weaknesses in the services to problems in the profession itself. It recommends that the present system be retained until further research explores information needs and usage. (Author/RAA)

Describes the use of library surveys as a tool for library planning in the United States from the late 19th century to the present. Different eras of library planning in the United States are identified, and the weaknesses and strengths of the survey method are discussed. (CLB)

This paper examines the elements of user studies and presents them as unified concepts within a model of information-seeking behavior. Definitions of information-seeking behavior, information needs, information gathering, information giving, and source preference are discussed. Thirty-two references are cited. (EJS)