In France, secondary teachers are public sector employees. Becoming a science teacher in secondary education is subject to passing public competitive entry examinations. Preparation for these examinations is provided by University Institutes Departments, which are essentially assessed on the basis of the successful performance of their students in…

While disparities in access to training are identified as a weakness of the training system initiated by the Continuing Training Law 1971 in France, public sector agents--one-fourth of all employees in France--seem better off. However, this hardly means generosity of the public sector's training policy is the sole cause or that training procedures…