The issue of whether, when, and how to respond to learners' oral errors is something every teacher has to consider. Early studies of teachers' feedback practices consisted of observations of how they managed this complex process (e.g., Lyster & Ranta, 1997). Beginning with these descriptions, a large body of research on types of oral…

The Canadian cultural focus of contemporary education in Canada is examined, with particular emphasis on language arts, literature, and social studies. Conclusions of the first two chapters are that language arts instructional materials frequently present powerful American and British (and only occasionally Canadian) themes; many reading series,…