Purpose: To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between employment status and mental health. Method: The authors conducted a systematic review of 48 longitudinal studies conducted in Australia, Canada, Croatia, Germany, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, and United States…

The popular conviction that Canadian universities will experience a serious faculty shortage in the 1990s is examined through statistics on faculty aging and replacement demand, retirement conditions, faculty renewal incentives, and the supply of doctoral recipients. It is concluded that there will be a surplus well into the 1990s. (MSE)

Discusses problems of retirement and factors that influence adjustment. These include having retirement plans, having positive attitudes toward retirement, and having a realistic picture of retired life. The role of the counselor is discussed with special emphasis on the need for counselors to have an accurate perception of retired life.…

Reviews the legal framework of age discrimination cases, examines current attitudes and practices regarding retirement, and outlines the major arguments in the mandatory retirement debate. The contrasting principles of individual versus comparative justice are emphasized. (SK)

Canadians aged 55 or older are a growing proportion of the population. Involuntary unemployment among older workers is gaining attention as an urgent social problem. The special training needs of older workers and retired individuals have received increasing recognition in Canada. However, concern expressed in the media and in government…

Statistics reveal that 61% of older Canadian women who are unattached to a male partner live in poverty. Two primary factors why women are especially vulnerable to poverty are their financially dependent status and their inequality in the work force. Even women who have worked outside the home are more vulnerable to poverty in old age than their…

This study provides a review of the nature and success of programs dealing with excess teacher supply. The causes and effects of teacher redundancy are discussed, and methods of supply and demand planning are examined. Strategies to deal with inservice retraining and programs that present career alternatives are reviewed. Among the solutions…