This paper reviews some of the past literature on male-female wage differentials in order to determine the early hypotheses which are the historical roots of the current theoretical and empirical work analyzing male-female wage differentials. Part 1 reviews the discrimination hypotheses, which emphasize differences in the labor market conditions…

Traces trends in salaries paid to male and female public school teachers in New York City during a four-year period in the early twentieth century. Findings indicate that, in direct opposition to the situation around the turn of the century, there were few school districts that differentiated in the 1970s in salary on the basis of sex. (DB)

Discusses the formation of the National Union of Women Teachers in England. Examines how it sought to combine, within one organization, elements of feminism, traditional trade union concern for members' salaries and working conditions, and a desire to protect and enhance its members' professional status. (GEA)

Introductory teaching units for secondary students on the history of the Canadian labor movement and labor law are presented in this report. Five units are outlined, addressing the following questions: (1) How do students perceive organized labor, its position in today's society, and its historical development?; (2) What knowledge do students have…

Thrust into the paid labor force for the first time after the Civil War, many Southern White women became public school teachers, usually at half the salary paid to male teachers. The struggle of these women to end the wage disparity is discussed. (RM)

The report is based upon base-year data collected in "High School and Beyond," NCES's national longitudinal survey of sophomores and seniors in spring 1980. Gainful employment is prevalent among high school youth. During the week prior to the spring 1980 survey, 63.2 percent of the seniors and 42.1 percent of the sophomores had been…

This paper modifies Edna Bonacich's theory of class conflict which cites the split labor market during the period of 1920-30 as the cause of racial antagonisms. The author states that Bonacich neglected the role of employers and technological advance in the creation of the split labor market. (ML)

Evaluates the impact of the 1954 "Brown" decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on equal opportunity for women. Reviews the similar struggles faced by Blacks and women in the areas of education and employment. (GC)

This study of the needs and possibilities of the industrial training of girls and women by the city of Worcester, Massachusetts, was made in the spring and summer of 1911. Three cities, Worcester, Cambridge, and Somerville, through their respective school committees, expressed a willingness to establish trade schools for girls and asked the State…

The evolution of the faculty and working conditions at the University of Sydney (Australia) since its founding are chronicled, focusing on academic ranks and promotion, the growth of the faculty, internal governance, tenure, policy on sabbatical leave, salary levels, and the status of academics in the community. (MSE)

This eight-page tabloid-style report presents an overview of past and present working conditions in the United States as a whole and in Hawaii in particular, with emphasis on women and on lower-level workers. The seven articles in the paper cover the following topics: "A Brief History of Labor in Hawaii" (William J. Puette); "The…

The effort to obtain equal pay for teachers, especially for women teaching at the elementary school level, is traced briefly. Teachers are urged to resist salary bonuses for teachers of science and mathematics and to work instead to increase salaries for all teachers. (PP)

Explores how the post-bellum U.S. code of contract denied married women the right to own their labor and their wages. Maps the legal symmetry between slavery and marriage, contradicting contemporary ideologies that placed the right to work for wages as a cardinal freedom. Discusses "earnings" laws passed by state legislatures that…

The document reports on recent movements regarding day schools within city school systems; reviews on other activities, such as night schools, continuation schools special schools, etc. may appear in other chapters of the Biennial Survey of Education. This bulletin summarizes findings with regard to: administration, including adapting the school…

This bulletin is an examination of the practices and procedures for the administration of a merit salary policy as part of the teacher compensation program. It analyzes the procedures for the implementation of a merit salary policy in six school districts which are prominent examples in this field: Canton, Connecticut; Ladue, Missouri; Rich…