William H. Kilpatrick is worldwide known as "Mr. Project Method." But the origin of his celebrated paper of 1918 has never been explored. The discovery of a hitherto unknown letter reveals that Kilpatrick was an educational entrepreneur who, without regard for language and tradition, adopted the term "project" and used it in a provocative new way…

Reviews history of International Alliance for Invitational Education, beginning in 1968 when two professors at University of Florida began to offer summer workshops for teachers, principals, and school board members. Includes chronology chart of events in development of Alliance from 1971 through 1992 when Alliance published its first annual…

Each generation of Americans has faced some form of risk. Each generation has devised an ideology of salvation. This article describes how the question of risk has been interpreted by selected salvationist ideologies and how educational thought has reflected the ideological assumptions of each age. (MT)

Courses in communication theory in the 1990s may emphasize the social sciences, critical theory, or both, depending on the orientation of the professor. The modern field of communication in the United States arose after World War I in response to increasing technology and the progressive, pragmatic philosophy that has dominated American life.…

If the idea is true that a theory is an abstract model that explains an objective phenomenon, where objective means anything that exists independent of individual human volition, then the best known example of such a rhetorical theory would be Lloyd Bitzer's famous rhetorical situation. Bitzer has argued that a rhetorical act comes into being when…

Discusses themes in theoretical development of cognitive psychotherapies since 1950s inception: differentiation of rationalist and constructivist therapies and metatheories of knowing; acknowledgment of social, biological, and embodiment processes in therapy; recognition of unconscious processes; self-organizing and self-protective processes in…

Outlines the philosophies and theories of Joseph Schwab (deliberation toward decision), William Bagley (disciplined classroom progress), and John Dewey (pragmatism and education through occupations). Suggests elements to guide contemporary curriculum: respect for theory and practice; theory as guide, not determinant; and theoretical principles…

Traces the roots of social trap situations and describes a parasitism-symbiosis model, showing that when each organism attempts to maximize its survival potential without regard for the other's, neither does as well as when they behave collectively. Discusses a model social trap situation, "Prisoner's Dilemma" ("PD") and a…

Recounts the career of William L. Stern. Stern developed a personalistic psychology emphasizing the individual's role and the importance of context in development. Stern's contributions to developmental psychology concerned: (1) the tension between activity and reactivity in the developing individual; (2) the exchange between a person and the…

Noting that discussions about the interaction of science and politics are often heard, this paper addresses how these discursive arenas are defined and distinguished. It argues that political and scientific discourse may be distinguished by the roles they assume on the rhetorical stage, and the relevant roles which emerge are implementers and…

Hans-Georg Gadamer proposes a philosophical hermeneutics that sheds light on the ways in which scholars have envisioned the history of teaching writing. Offering an alternative to a linear model of history, in which events are viewed as links in a chain, Gadamer's hermeneutics regards a text as a locus or web through which other texts are…

Discusses the development of the Rutherford-Bohr atom. Indicates how the objectives of the historian may differ from those of the retrospecting or historicizing physicist. (Author/SK)

Reviews personality studies examining relationship between personality and choice of librarianship as profession and observes changes in theories and methods of measurement that have taken place over past 35 years. A brief overview of different approaches to understanding personality and summary of theories of vocational choice are presented. (72…

Description of the Laboratory School, its objectives, and how it provided a testing ground for Dewey's philosophy that history is useful as an analytical tool. Examines Dewey's belief that children gain insight into the principles and complexities of their own society by tracing historical origins and development through the process of…

Examines the classical rhetoric revival that occurred in American English departments in the 1950s and 1960s. Identifies rhetorician Richard M. Weaver as a leader of this "First Rhetorical Awakening." Argues that Weaver's work draws a connection between philosophical rhetoric and cultural criticism. Encourages further exploration of the…