Provides historical perspectives on control of the National Guard by examining early writings to determine the original intent for what was the militia. Argues that it was established to defend the nation, but current governors are attempting to assert a stronger state role. Such actions could undermine national defense. (Author/CH)

To determine whether program evaluation will be an important tool for policymaking and management in the Reagan Administration, it would be helpful to consider what the Reagan administration expected and received from evaluation in California during the period 1971-1974. In California, program evaluation activities were frequently implemented on a…

Suggested methods for principals to enhance the constitutional literacy of their students preface a speech by the Chief Justice that analyzes the historical context of the Constitutional Convention with particular reference to the problematical fear of central power. (MJL)

The history of the 11th amendment to the U.S. Constitution and its current application to schools and universities are examined in this paper. The amendment, which seeks to protect the states by redefining judicial boundaries within the federal concept of government, is unclear and paradoxical, especially to claimants seeking federal relief from a…

The paper discusses the political events and issues that affected North Carolina and the nation between 1776 and 1789. Attitudes and philosophies on government and its centralization form the foundation for North Carolina's traditional and firm opposition to centralization of power and changes in government structure. North Carolina's…

Argues that the Reagan Era's New Federalism hamstrings government by precluding the possibility of a balance of power and responsibilities between state and federal government. Compares this development to the states' rights dilemma freed by John C. Calhoun. Contends that history shows federal inaction produces sectionalism, social cleavage, and…

An examination of the effects of the Adult Education Act (AEA) 25 years after its passage reveals the growth of the adult basic education (ABE) enterprise in the United States. The AEA provides funding to states to develop and maintain adult basic education programming. Because ABE was recognized as a means of improving the economic status of the…

Analyzes the struggle to create a federal department of education in the 1920s. Details proponents' arguments in favor of efficiency, national control, and cultural homogeneity. Contends that opponents organized against further expansion of federal power. Places the debate within the larger context of progressivism and nativism. (CH)

This historical review describes the expansion of elementary and secondary education in the Soviet Union during the decade of the 1930's under the Stalinist regime. This study explores how teachers participated in shaping the relationship between education and Stalinist political culture by examining how teachers made sense of their position in…