Books were scarce in nineteenth-century South Dakota. Limited resources and a lack of widespread interest worked to hinder the growth of libraries in rural schools. Library advocates persisted in their cause, voicing their support, engaging in fund-raising activities, and proposing library legislation. Their efforts eventually led to the passage…

This bulletin is the fourteenth in this series of publications issued biennially by the Office of Education. The bulletin is prepared on the basis of responses given by Federal Departments and Agencies to requests for information about Federal expenditures for educational programs. Through this series of publications, the Office of Education has…

Events leading to Great Britain's substantial and differential cuts in student numbers and recurrent grants to universities are chronicled and related to the responses of nine universities. The universities' lack of preparation for the cuts and policy implications are discussed. (Author/MSE)

Discusses the development and current decline of public libraries in Egypt based on a study of international influences which helped shape national discourses about development and provided the context for policymaking and resource allocation in Egypt. The role of UNESCO is examined, and further research is suggested. (LRW)

Describes main trends in the administration and financing of higher education in China over two decades and analyzes the resource allocation under the reform policies of administrative decentralization and financing diversification. Points out the economic significance of overcoming diseconomies of scale and inefficiencies. (SLD)

The present monograph has been "written with a view" to presenting in a simple and concise manner to the general educational public the most significant conclusions reached in the course of an extensive study of school finance, continued for several years and covering a number of states. Some of the data have been taken from bulletins of…

Public education has been and continues to be subject to a variety of conflicts, among them busing for racial balance and the search for an equitable process of financing education. This paper reviews some of the literature and documentation of educational conflicts. Two broad but not mutually exclusive categories of conflict are defined: (1)…

This document provides background information on educational finance in North Dakota. It examines the use of nonproperty factors in financing education, the quality of education, legal action in the state regarding education finance issues, and the effects of any 1993 North Dakota legislation on education finance. The paper first describes changes…

This study calls attention to the consistent manner in which State legal documents classify public education as a function of the State government and to the inconsistency between such legal classifications and the many cases of neglect on the part of States to provide adequately for public-school support. The data show that for the country as a…

There is scarcely a State in the Union today which is not confronted with many difficult problems due to a lack of adequate school revenues. The increasing numbers demanding education and the increasing demands placed upon the schools have led to enormous increases in expenditures. There is every reason for believing that these expenditures will…

In reviewing the history of educational finances in New Mexico from 1850 to the present, the evolution of the state's financing program and the reasons for its unique separation of educational finances from educational programs is explored. The state's rational, forward-looking approach to public education is attributed to federal neglect when New…

This article discusses inequalities in the distribution of educational resources, with emphasis placed on inequalities within school districts. In the first section, racially-based inequalities within school districts are traced from the post Civil War period to the 1960s. Examples of unequal expenditures for black students given in this section…

As a basis for interpreting scholarly work on the Black school superintendent, the article does the following: (1) outlines African American history; (2) discusses the political context of the struggle for Black education and the importance of the Black superintendency to it; and (3) develops a framework for the future success of Black…

Herein is a companion study to the report on "State Policies in Public-School Finance," published as Bulletin No. 6, 1922, which was written with a view to summarizing the most significant conclusions resulting from a series of comprehensive investigations of public-school finance made by Doctor Swift and others in 11 different States. In the…

This publication comes in answer to many requests for a brief study of forums which engage the interests of young people. It presents a summary of much material which has flowed into the Office of Education as a result of its sponsorship of community wide public forums. It is presented to educators and laymen in the hope that it will give valuable…