"Ameryka-Echo" was one of the most popular Polish-language weeklies, published in the United States between 1889 and 1972. Its founder and owner, Antoni A. Paryski, consciously sought to transplant ideas of Polish Positivism to the Polish-American immigrant communities in the United States. Reading was a central concept of…

Programmable equipment innovations, precursors of today's technology, are examined, including the development of the binary code and feedback control systems, such as temperature sensing devices, interchangeable parts, punched cards carrying instructions, continuous flow oil refining process, assembly lines for mass production, and the…

Schools are making a contribution to the nation by furthering the spirits of friendship between the peoples of the Americas. The desire for sympathetic understanding of our neighbor republics has stimulated a demand for information about life and living in these countries. This index and bibliography have been prepared to meet the requests of…

In industrial circles today the sciences and other subjects of a distinct practical nature are looked upon as more important than dead languages and classics; and as a result, technical trade, manual training, and commercial schools and colleges have increased in number, and added emphasis has been made in all schools on commerce and industries.…

Describes major changes that have occurred in the chemical industry over the last 50 years including trends in the development of products and processes, changes in chemical manufacturing, the globalization of business, and modifications of research laboratory practices. Discusses implications for chemistry education and predictions for future…

Selecting the eight big and small changes in Beida's history and describing them in chronological order provides the needed background for today's discussions on the Beida reform. I have already amply commented on the hundred years' of successes and failures of China's universities in my book "Ten Discourses on China's Universities"…

Outlines briefly the process by which the Fluxus community coalesced. Recounts the birthing of Something Else Press, Inc., and the transformation of aspects of the press' objectives into Printed Editions. Discusses the parallel concerns shared by Something Else Press and Fluxus publication activities as well as their divergent agendas and…

Contributes to the theoretical/methodological field of editorial history. Bases the study on Robert Darnton's successful work and analyzes "Os Sertoes" by Euclydes da Cunha. (PA)

The driving force in federal licensing has been the combined political interests of legislators desirous of obtaining valuable prerogatives over the assignment of frequencies; incumbent broadcasters, ever vigilant in restricting new entry into broadcasting; and "public interest" lobbyists, whose self-interests lay in politicizing the…

During the eight years of President Ronald Reagan's administration, deregulation of broadcasting was pursued at least as vigorously as other attempts of the "Reagan Revolution" to lessen the impact and influence of the federal government. The Federal Communication Commission's (FCC) "one-to-a-market" rule (which limits licenses…

Beginning with Blaise Pascal's adding machine (1642), a brief look is taken at mechanical computers, electronic developments, transistors, and first, second, and third generation computers. A glossary is appended. (KC)

Reviews the development of English dictionaries in general and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) in particular. The discussion covers the decision by the Philological Society to create the dictionary, the principles that guided its development, the involvement of James Augustus Henry Murray, the magnitude and progress of the project, and the…

Provides background on the "Dictionary of National Biography" (DNB), whose first volume appeared in Great Britain in January 1885. Included are short biographies of George Smith (1824-1901), Sir Leslie Stephen (1832-1904), and Sir Sidney Lee (1859-1926), the three men responsible for the conception and completion of the DNB. (23…

Uses the work of novelist Peter Dickinson as the primary example in exploring the growth of novels in the last 25 years that ask questions about homo sapiens, questions which most adult readers are too afraid to face. (RS)

This paper offers a discussion of the rulings of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) related to Section 315 (a) of the Communications Act of 1934--the section concerning equal access to broadcast media by all political candidates. Following a general discussion of Section 315 (a) and the exemptions that are part of the act, the paper then…