Examines the cultural and social history of personal cleanliness. Discusses the cultural origins of U.S. washing habits and explores the question of why such practices spread throughout society. Describes how, between 1750 and 1900, washing became a regular practice of most people in the United States. (GEA)

Discusses the one-year tenure of Carlos Montezuma--first American Indian physician--at Fort Stevenson Federal Indian Boarding School following his graduation from medical school in 1889. Describes the school's unhealthy conditions, the forced enrollment of Indian children, and the political patronage system for recruiting BIA employees. (SV)

Describes self-help programs initiated by Black women between 1895 and 1925 in Tuskegee, Alabama; Hampton, Virginia; Atlanta, Georgia; and Baltimore, Maryland. Poor housing, health concerns, racial discrimination, inadequate schools, and the lack of economic opportunities were some of the barriers challenged by these programs. (Author/GC)

Uses census data, 1886-1900, to examine Northern Cheyenne child-spacing and effective fertility patterns as indicators of maternal and infant health. Concludes that, contrary to early interpretations of improved health among reservation populations, the Northern Cheyenne suffered health deterioration related to oppressive government political and…

Valley Forge, outside Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), has long been recognized as the site of a great victory of the human spirit. Eleven thousand men including Blacks and Indians resided there during the winter of 1777-78 and triumphed over cold, starvation, nakedness, disease, and uncertainty. The encampment site was unprepared for the tattered,…

This bulletin presents the annual report of the Alaska division of the Bureau of Education for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1912. During this period the field force of the Alaska school service consisted of 4 district superintendents of schools, 1 assistant superintendent, 108 teachers, 8 physicians (1 of whom also filled another position), 8…

Traces the history of medical care at a residential school for Cherokee girls in the late nineteenth century. Describes the unsanitary conditions of the buildings and efforts by medical superintendents to improve them, prevalent diseases and their treatments, nutrition, and emphasis on physical fitness. Contains 58 references. (SV)

Infants under age 1 constituted the most deaths recorded for any age group among Native people on the Yakama Indian Reservation (Washington), between 1914 and 1964. Poverty conditions, including poor diet and unsanitary housing; social anomie; and lack of adequate health care contributed to infant deaths. Data tables and figures detail infant…

Traces the development of federal-Indian relations as a prelude to current Indian environmental issues. Illustrates the exploitation of reservation economies by energy corporations and the federal government, especially in the area of water rights. Notes problems within tribal governments as they attempt to coexist with the 20th century. (SB)

"Eskimo Medicine Man" is a record of primitive Alaskan life in the 1930's. It records the experiences in Alaska's remote areas of Dr. Otto George, the last "traveling physician" for the Department of Interior's Indian Service, when in all the territory (an area one-fifth that of the contiguous United States) there were fewer…

This bulletin contains a translation of a recent account of the auxiliary schools of Germany. The problem of proper provision for exceptional children and especially for backward children in greater city systems of schools has long been recognized as one of great importance. It has to do not only with the welfare of the children immediately…

The problem of organizing human labor resources has suddenly emerged, like so many other social and economic problems, from the realm of the academic into that of the immediate and practical, largely under the stimulus of war necessity. Through the selective draft act, the Federal employment plan, and specialized training under the War Department,…