Summary of the development of libraries in Turkey highlights the existence of libraries in the ninth century, the Shamssaddin Altunaba Medrese library in Konya, libraries established during the Ottoman era, reports to reform libraries (1869-70, 1909), and reports and library developments attributed to the Republican Era beginning in 1923. (EJS)

The 20th anniversary of the Bhopal calamity fell on December 3, 2004. The world's worst industrial disaster in Bhopal, India, happened because of inadequate maintenance by Union Carbide and poor monitoring by the Indian authorities. Malfunctioning safety measures, inappropriate location of the plant, and lack of information about the identity and…

Chronicles the life and philosophy of Frantz Fanon as he changed from a pseudo-Frenchman to an existential critic of European society to an anticolonial revolutionary. His development shows definite periods of ideological change and an intensity of belief in the philosophies he accepted and created at various times. (VM)

A history of Grenada is presented in this article. The U.S. invasion is analyzed in the context of the hardships and the economic crisis which dominated the region at that time. Revolutionary social process is necessary in the Caribbean, thus the "big stick" approach of the United States leads to hostility. (VM)

Discusses early libraries of Antigua. Highlights include Thomas Bray's libraries in the 1690s; meeting literary needs in the 1700s; private libraries of the time; rise of library organizations in the mid-1800s, including the Antigua Library Society and the Presbyterian Church Library; racial issues; difficult economic times; and transformation of…

Reviews the history of transborder data flow (TDF) and the principles set forth by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development and the Glenerin Declaration. Two major issues relating to TDF--national sovereignty and economic and trade concerns--are discussed. Future issues, including an international policy and standardization, are…

Traces the historical background and describes the current status of library education in Arab countries at the postgraduate, graduate, and teacher training levels. (LLS)

Sketches the history of the expansion of multinational advertising agencies. Then examines the growth, characteristics, and consequences of these agencies in an important region of the developing world, Latin America. (PD)

Through American Library Association (ALA) projects in Latin America, American librarianship progressed from conceptualization to implementation as the model in modernizing Latin American library practices and societies. Development of library practices was fundamental to pursuit of a "modern" society. In fighting fascist propaganda, the…

The Philippines has modeled its higher education system almost totally upon the American model, with similarities in organization, degrees, curricula, teaching methods, governance, and faculty roles. The University of the Philippines was established in 1908, and between 1901 and 1926, eight regional normal schools were established to train public…

An illustration of the dependence and vulnerability of the Third World in relation to the First World--especially North American--news flow is illustrated by the news coverage of the events surrounding Jim Jones and the People's Temple in Guyana. Three editorial attitudes emerged in that coverage: an almost total absence of interest in the country…

Traces the evolution of perspectives on Latin American underdevelopment to reveal the changing realities in Latin America as well as evolving world views. Covering the five centuries since Columbus discovered the West Indies, Topik concludes that the idea of underdevelopment is a European construct resulting from greater European progress and a…

The traditional Chinese language held no term corresponding to the western idea of democracy. In the Confucian tradition the emphasis was entirely on people's obligations to society and the country, not on rights. The idea of democracy was brought to China early in the 20th century. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, founder of Chinese "bourgeois…

The four sections of this paper outline changes in UNICEF programs from their inception in 1946 to recent initiatives circa 1983. The first section delineates shifts in program emphasis, showing how the organization's focus has moved from meeting the emergency needs of post-World War II European children toward addressing the long-term needs of…

Jose Vasconcelos (1882-1959), a major figure of modern Mexican education, also was instrumental in the development of the field of librarianship in Mexico. This research paper presents Vasconcelos' philosophy of librarianship through a detailed study of his writings and a review of major secondary sources. Relying solely on the subjective…