A wide variety of kindergarten teacher training programs existed in America during the 50-year period between 1920 and 1970 after Froebel's system was introduced. The most significant reasons for this variety were the sources of knowledge about the system, the ability of its advocates to read idiomatic German, and the basic personality…

Analyzes the description of letterpress printing technology in the "Encyclopedie" of Diderot and d'Alembert. Examines how the authors distilled information about mechanical arts from craft culture, the shop, and traditional apprenticeship practices. (SK)

A study of 13th-century industrial regulations in Paris shows how medieval apprenticeships in the textile industry functioned. The investigation interprets wool industry apprenticeship in the context of the production system and the social environment. (SK)

A social constructivist approach is used to study apprenticeship in the textile industry in medieval Paris. Issues of inertia, the dynamics of change, diversity, access to corporations, and the effect of social interactions and conflict on solving problems are examined. (SK)

Dentistry has evolved from medicine and more especially from the surgical aspect of what is now called medicine. Until the sixteenth century, physic and surgery were separate professions and what we now call dentistry was a part of surgery rather than of physic. For centuries physic was a calling of greater dignity than surgery. Since the major…

Between 1881 and 1889, a series of seven volumes was published by the French Government as a result of an investigation made by Marius Vachon. He visited the principal schools, museums, societies, and factories of the artistic industries throughout Europe, and his reports contain much basic information. It was felt that the translation of this…

The early apprentice, his work regime, and his directive to travel are discussed. Apprentices had both a learning and a working relationship with their masters and they performed tasks that often brought them into contact with the adult world. The wanderjahre, the practice of requiring apprentices to wander, is described. (MLW)

In general the trade-school situation in Europe may be summed up very briefly. In France we find the all-day trade school in its highest development, with special schools established for both boys and girls. The aim of these schools is to intensify the idea of artistic expression as well as to improve mechanical construction and efficiency in…

The literacy rate in early America may have been fairly high. Three factors seem to have influenced the development of a literate population: (1) skill requirements of expanding business ventures; (2) masters' responsibility for apprentices' education; and (3) the proliferation of private venture teachers. (SK)

In studying the history of the American press, little attention has been given to printing networks and the apprenticeship system, factors which permitted the press not only to survive but to grow. Essential to press growth was the apprenticeship system, vocational education which replenished and augmented the craft's practitioners. Apprentices…

This book examines the period around 1900 when young laborers were considered an official social problem in the German Empire. Chapter 2 demonstrates the structural foundations and preconditions of the youth salvation campaign. It analyzes the position of young workers in Germany's urban population, their rapidly changing roles in the labor force,…

The early development of university legal education in England, the United States, and Germany is examined. Focus is on: (1) the different historical and social processes that have brought law and higher education together and (2) examination of a more general, comparative nature about the institutional transformation of legal education in these…

When the writer, nine years ago, investigated for the Bureau of Education the subject of education for railroad service, the whole matter was in a very indefinite status. The monograph published at that time was little more than a collation of widely diverse opinions of railroad men. The advance made in the present decade is very surprising to…

The history and purpose of the Reiseberichte uber Nordamerika (Reports of an inspection tour in North America), of which this bulletin presents a partial synopsis, will best appear in the following statements from the preface of the Reiseberichte. The Prussian House of Deputies, on the 4th of June, 1902, requested the Prussian Government to…

Following a letter of transmittal, this document presents General Agent of Education in Alaska Sheldon Jackson's "13th Annual Report on the Introduction of Domestic Reindeer into Alaska." Winter 1902-03 was unusually severe, but despite difficult conditions overall the reindeer fared unusually well. Currently there are 11 herds of…